22年6月西南大学课程考试 语言学导论【0181】大作业（资料）

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西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷

学期：2022年春季                                       
课程名称【编号】：语言学导论【0181】                       A卷
:大作业                                    更多资料下载：谋学网（www.mouxue.com）：100分
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Ⅰ. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
1. ______ refers to the fact that there is no necessary or logical relationship between a linguistic form and its meaning.
A. Displacement      B. creativity       C. arbitrariness     D. duality
2. “friendly” is a(n) _______.
A. derivative      B. inflectional word     C. compound     D. morpheme
3. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _______.
A. directive     B. informative       C. performative   D. phatic
4. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless affricate?  _______.
A.          B. [f]               C. []         D. []
5. The words “take” and “table” are called _______ because they can stand as a word by themselves.
A. inflectional morphemes           B. free morphemes
C. stems                         D. roots
6. Speech act theory was initially developed by _______.
A. Halliday       B. Austin            C. Searle       D. Grice
7. The syllabic structure of the word “linguistics” is ______.
A. CVCCVCCVCC              B. CVCCCVCCVCC
C. CVCCVVCCVCC             D. CVCVVCCVCC
8. The use of non-standard English persists because_______.
A. the working class is incapable of speaking “correctly”
B. English is a complicated and therefore difficult language to master
C. subordinate groups use non-standard English to promote solidarity
D. teachers do not properly stress the importance of standard English in schools
9. The study of a language at some point of time is called________.
A. computational linguistics             B. sociolinguistics
C. diachronic linguistics                D. synchronic linguistics
10. ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. Langue         B. performance         C. competence    D. parole
Ⅱ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. Write True or False on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
11. The oppositeness of meaning between words is called antonymy.
12. Blending refers to the process in which a new word is produced by putting words together.
13. Cultural transmission refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker.
14. An utterance is a piece of language actually used in a particular context.
15. Synchronic linguistics is the study of the language development or change over time.
16. Compounds are words formed by combining parts of other words.
17. Distinctive features are the features that a phoneme has and that distinguish it from other phonemes.
18. Standard dialect is a particular variety of a language, not related to any particular group of language users.
19. Ultimate constituents are the smallest grammatical unit obtained through binary cutting in IC analysis.
20. Pidgin is a language formed when a Creole has become the primary language of a speech community.
Ⅲ. Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer each of the questions based on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than in grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child get discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
21. The purpose of Frederick I’s experiment was ______.
A. to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
B. to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
C. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
22. Some children are backward in speaking most probably because _______.
A. they are incapable of learning language rapidly
B. they are exposed to too much language at once
C. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
23. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child?
A. He is born with the capacity to speak.
B. He has a brain more complex than an animal’s.
C. He can produce his own sentences.
D. He owes his speech ability to good nursing.
24. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B. Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
C. The child’s brain is highly selective.
D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.
25. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ______ in future.
A. have a high IQ
B. be less intelligent
C. be insensitive to verbal signals
D. not necessarily be backward
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)
26. How can the English speech sounds be classified? (20%)
27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)
(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sure your answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result in a loss of marks.)