浙江理工大学 英语2 直播教学课程作业

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直播教学课程作业
课程名称        英语2        学年学期        2023学年第二学期
主讲教师        黄佰宏、王延博               
作业对象        2023级各函授专业学生
作业内容及要求：
英语2阅读理解练习


Passage 1
In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world's rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities' efforts to performtheir other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge---- the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.
With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since WWII, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.
While higher education has become a great "growth industry", it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students, one crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in rum, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.
Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’organization and functioning to conformto the demands of research rather than those of teaching.
1. According to the passage, what is the most important function of institutions of higher education?
A．creating new knowledge
B．providing solutions to social problems
C．making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students
D．preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge
2. The phrase “impinges on” most probably means ____________?
A. promote    B. rely on     C. have an impact on     D. block
3. According to the passage, one of the causes for the difficulties of American higher education is that______.
A．the government has stopped giving public institutions as much financial support as it used to
B．American had always been encouraging young people to go to college
C．many public institutions have replaced private ones
D．the government only finances such researches as that or placing man on the moon
4. A serious outcome brought out by the shortage of resources is that______.
A．many public institutions have to cut down enrollment of students
B．teachers are not qualified enough for satisfactory performance in classes
C．some institutions have to reduce the expenses on research
D．there is a keen competition for resources and attention of faculty between public and private institutions
5. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
A. American society has failed to provide these institutions with adequate resources to meet their needs.
B. Though in difficulty, these institutions are determined to fulfill both research and teaching functions.
C. American society has relied too much on their institutions of higher-education to allow them for easy adjustment to all their functions.
D. More resources and efforts of faculty are needed for research work than teaching work.



Passage 2
Tens of thousands of Britons are dying needlessly each year because researchers are denied access to essential patient data, senior medical scientists said yesterday.
Overzealous interpretation of data protection laws is blocking critical studies into conditions such as cancer, stroke and diabetes, a report from the Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS)has found.
The academy said that excessive regulations not required by law was making it impossible to conduct the large studies involving tens of thousands of people that were necessary to investigate the causes and treatment of many diseases. The restrictions had become so severe that groundbreaking research such as the studies that linked smoking to lung cancer could not have been carried out under the present climate.
The situation could become even worse with the introduction of electronic medical records across the NHS. Although that could provide scientists with an unprecedented research tool, the government is proposing a "patient guarantee" that will deny access to anyone not directly involved in an individual's care.
The academy panel, chaired by Professor Robert Souhami, of University College London, found that although the Data Protection Act of 1998 contained exemptionsfor medical research which were being systematically ignored by regulators at the expense of public health. As a result, scientists were being refused access to patient information that would support studies with the potential to save tens of thousands of lives.
The Data Protection Act is designed to restrict access to personal information, such as patient records, without the subject's explicit consent, but though its wording is complex it includes a specific exemption for "necessary and proportionate" medical research.
The provision, however, is widely misinterpreted by the holders of patient information, scientists seeking to do research and even the regulators responsible for overseeing the Act, the academy found. This has forced researchers to give up studies because they could not get access to vital data.
6. According to the passage, what may cause the unnecessary deaths of many Britons each year?
A. Incorrect provision of law.
B. Inadequate research data.
C. Inefficient medical management.
D. Insufficient medical staff.
7. Which of the following words can best replace the word "Overzealous" (Para. 2) ?
A. Excitable.            B.Passionate.  
C.Enthusiastic.           D.Powerful.
8.Which of the following statements about electronic medical record is true?
A. Scientists will depend on it to conduct medical research on a large scale.
B. It will provide much easier access to the data of patients.
C. The government will impose certain restrictions on its use.
D. It can be tailored to the special needs of each individual patient.
9. What can we infer from this passage?
A. The Data Protection Act has denied many researchers easy access to patient information.
B. The regulatory authorities tend to violate the provisions of law.
C. Great importance is attached to patient records in many countries.
D. The interpretation of the laws plays a decisive role in certain cases.
10. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Data Protection Act is designed at the expense of public health.
B. Patients' Data collection procedures are too complex in Britain.
C. Life-saving research is blocked by overzealous data privacy.
D. Medical researchers are making efforts to end the data protection restrictions


Passage 3
One important factor in reading is the voluntary, adaptive control of reading rate,i.e.,the ability to adjust the reading rate to the particular type of material being read.
Adaptive reading means changing reading speed throughout a text in response to both the difficulty of material and one's purpose in reading it.
A number of problems are involved in successfully implementing this. The first problem is to convince the students that they should adjust their reading rates. There seems to be evidence that people read more slowly than necessary. A number of studies on college students have found that when the students are forced to read faster than their self-imposed rate, there is no loss in retention of information typically regarded as important.
The second problem involved in teaching adaptive reading lies in convincing the students of the need to be aware of their purposes in reading. The point of adjusting reading rates is to serve particular purposes. Students who are unaware of what they want to get out of a reading assignment will find it difficult to adjust their rates appropriately. They should know in advance what they want.
Scanningis a rapid reading technique appropriate for searching out a piece of information embedded in a much larger text, for example, a student might scan this passage for an evaluation of adaptive reading. Making quick decisions as to what should be ignored and what should be looked at takes practice. However, the benefits are enormous. I would not be able to function as an academic without this skill because I would not be able to keep up with all the information that is generated in my field.
Skimming is the processing of about 800 -1,500 words a minute -a rate at which identifying every word is probably impossible. Skimming is used for extracting the gist (要点) of the text. The skill is useful when the skimmer is deciding whether to read a text, or is previewing a text he wants to read, or is going over material that is already known.
Both scanning and skimming are aided by knowledge of where the main points tend to be found in the text. A reader who knows where an author tends to put the main points can read selectively. Authors vary in their construction style, and one has to adjust to author differences, but some general rules usually apply. Section headings, first and last paragraphs in a section, first and last sentences in a paragraph, and highlighted material all tend to convey the main points.
11. We should change reading rate according to____.
A. how long the material is
B. whether the material is interesting
C. the difficulty of the material or the objective of reading
D. the gist of the material or the information embedded in it
12. Which of the following is NOT a problem involved in teaching adaptive reading?
A. To convince student of the importance of adjusting reading speed.
B. To convince student of the significance of the reading comprehension.
C. To convince student of the necessity of conforming their reading rate to their purpose.
D. To convince students of the need of being aware of their purposes in reading
13. From the last sentence of paragraph five we can infer that ______ ¬
A. the author is a linguist
B. the author is no longer a college teacher
C. the author has benefited a lot by using the reading skill
D. the author cannot keep up with all the information in his/her field
14. It is likely for us to find the main points _______
A. only in section headings
B. in the first but not the last paragraph in a section
C. in the last but not the first sentence in a paragraph
D. in any place highlighted
15. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is ___________
A. to introduce a reading skill  
B. to encourage students to read faster
C. to find problems in reading  
D. to compare scanning with skimming

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