华东石油2010年秋季学期补考在线考试

久爱奥鹏晓林

一、单选题（共 20 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1.  Many people ______ it is healthy to drink a lot of fruit juice, but actually it damages health.
A. consume
B. assume
C. recognize
D. realize
      满分：1  分
2.  Before you begin preparing for the second ______ of the interview, you’d better make a list of topics related to your country, culture, lifestyle and personal interests.
A. phrase
B. case
C. phase
D. kind
      满分：1  分
3.  This process took at least seven days and was so ______ and time-consuming that the sourcing department normally sent out bid packages only to two or three suppliers at a time.
A. objective
B. overall
C. inborn
D. complex
      满分：1  分
4.  I’m with the view that in this modern world, the culture of any nation cannot develop in ______.
A. practice
B. theory
C. principle
D. isolation
      满分：1  分
5.  Scientists have discovered that genes may make some people more __________ to anxiety.
A. tend
B. prone
C. likely
D. possible
      满分：1  分
6.  Our President said we should value the ______ friendship with the neighboring nations.
A. long-distance
B. long-standing
C. long-life
D. long-range
      满分：1  分
7.  The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its __________.
A. habitats
B. inhabitants
C. habits
D. inherits
      满分：1  分
8.  You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.
A. devoted
B. entitled
C. accessed
D. contributed
      满分：1  分
9.  The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.
A. evidence
B. recognition
C. status
D. identity
      满分：1  分
10.  
Moving to a new school can __________ a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen.

A. upset
B. balance
C. disrupt
D. disorder
      满分：1  分
11.  Many Internet users are worried about their privacy being ______ and their secrets being revealed by online hackers.
A. invaded
B. intaken
C. invented
D. investigated
      满分：1  分
12.  You will find that, in the long run, Jane will turn ______ to be your best friend.
A. in
B. out
C. on
D. off
      满分：1  分
13.  The survey has found that only 6% of Australians feel that their ______ in the Iraq war has made Australia safer.
A. activities
B. evolvement
C. act
D. involvement
      满分：1  分
14.  Time and time again, women seem to ______ on promotion and career opportunities.
A. fall out
B. lose out
C. wipe out
D. put out
      满分：1  分
15.  he general secretary’s decision to invest was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.
A. firm
B. private
C. costly
D. incentive
      满分：1  分
16.  Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ______.
A. affect
B. effect
C. infect
D. perfect
      满分：1  分
17.  Obviously, if you want to be employed, it is __________ that you should be computer-literate for this job.
A. admirable
B. desiring
C. desirable
D. admiring
      满分：1  分
18.  Scientists claimed yesterday to have __________ the riddle of the birth of the Universe.
A. dissolved
B. solved
C. solution
D. resolution
      满分：1  分
19.  Oil and gas have also provided finance ministers worldwide ______ a convenient vehicle ______ tax collecting.
A. with…for
B. for… with
C. for…for
D. with…with
      满分：1  分
20.  The company always persists in the detailed and shortcut company spirit of focusing on people, quality first, customers
A. upper hand
B. ultimate
C. best
D. uppermost
      满分：1  分
二、阅读理解（共 2 道试题，共 30 分。）V 1.  
    Some people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina” to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".
    Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.
    So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.
1). What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?
A. To prove that football is the world's most important sport.
B. To show that Argentina is better than all others.
C.  To compare Scotland with Argentina.
D. To explain the role of sport.
      满分：3  分
2).  In the second paragraph, the word “summit” means ______.
A. highest point
B. mountain top
C. award
D. summary
      满分：3  分
3). According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.
A. large number of sports fans and supporters
B. success in the football World Cup
C. obvious position on the map
D.  excellence at all important sports
      满分：3  分
4). According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.
A. fail to succeed
B. be successful
C. lose enjoyment
D. be irrational
      满分：3  分
5). What is the author's attitude towards international games?
A. Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.
B.  Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.
C. Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.
D. Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.
      满分：3  分
2.  
      In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.
       Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.
      The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.
       It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.
      Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories — the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.
1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.
A. a model of the universe
B. a restricted part of the universe
C. a set of rules
D.  a reality
      满分：3  分
2). The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.
A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.
B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’s cannot.
D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
      满分：3  分
3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _________.
A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories
B. to invent one theory to describe the whole universe
C. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics
D. to study the origin of the universe
      满分：3  分
4). It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.
A.  inversely proportional to their mass
B. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
C. proportional to the square of the distance between them
D. proportional to the constitution of them
      满分：3  分
5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.
A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity
B. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanics
C. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics
D. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity
      满分：3  分
三、简答题（共 10 道试题，共 30 分。）V 1.  If you are successful, you won’t have to go ask for a raise or accept what you’re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.


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2.  Planning involves setting the firm’s objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.


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3.  But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.


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4.  There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes — a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate — will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.


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5.  Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably.


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6.  穷人的声音不被理睬，因为政府只制定对富人有益的政策。（tune out）


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7.  不管怎样，在我们对人类对环境的影响做出科学的评估之前，仍有很长的一段路要走。(in any case).


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8.  我上大学时只能靠粗茶淡饭过活。(live on )


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9.  山起着稳定地球外壳的作用。（play a role in）


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10.  他虽然学识渊博，但对这种生物科技引起的情况他也不知道如何应付。(for all )