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一、单选题（共 20 道试题，共 40 分。）V 1. Which h of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?
* _5 P/ @/ }# W9 o2 s; dA. Phonetics
. a+ R; M* X$ u/ ~B. Phonology! `: O* B5 Q: {; |% L! h
C. Morphology; a1 u* A! F* V5 E
D. Dialectology
& q! o. k& V2 d1 P" x 满分：2 分
$ P; J1 o. O0 {, \; F4 M7 Z8 Q( Q3 M2. '( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.: c& y) s% k( T4 z& Z! }
A. Loudness
2 T S" k2 P, Y0 h3 j" H4 nB. Rhythm- e1 m& s5 f) v. l4 {
C. Tempo
0 d+ y5 [( c4 A: M, ^* w3 ]D. Tone
$ H4 c# g& B0 f2 | 满分：2 分% d& |5 T- u; R
3. '（ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.
3 j0 e. e; ]. A6 \A. Allomorph- e1 E1 _2 a3 ?) T4 r: T
B. Word
) E- b: h# h @. t% O$ V* H! xC. Segment
2 `1 }) l: |1 u! A t# kD. Morph4 R z7 q! o" R- s# ]3 a1 t9 e
满分：2 分
, `( h) ^. m6 y; E4. ( ) refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.6 u% r P2 }" a# p$ X" @
A. Lexical meaning
3 ^) I2 ]/ F" F9 B4 p5 nB. Sentential meaning& j( V& q& `! |! R8 e+ D' q4 S5 F
C. Utterance meaning
4 P5 M: ]9 Y" A9 z: \" u9 CD. Literal meaning# H5 |) `6 X) u' s7 [: s% F
满分：2 分. T' t. m/ G' u+ i5 G, G
5. '( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.
( k, V3 i: R! ]/ |+ k) gA. Synonymy5 P; E1 l7 ` H% c. v$ c
B. Polysemy* r7 l/ G- s8 w3 W7 W7 D2 w/ z
C. Homonymy
[; e' w4 X0 F3 H9 |( c% V( AD. Antonymy! F e. P" T+ o! p2 j: U( x4 Q% }* Y# U
满分：2 分: _9 q7 F. {5 ]9 C2 X
6. ( ) refers to the speed of speech.1 X* [+ L4 ]" E- `
A. Loudness
, g0 \0 [. R. wB. Stress
+ m3 o5 }5 D: T. R+ A" OC. Tempo
; I9 x, T: j; E, P- OD. Tone
5 ~" F% ~; o6 G! R$ P6 Y, c8 f 满分：2 分
( R! V8 H- G! J2 p* B* T7. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language+ t. i3 c' @: s1 x7 @; V) s
A. Phoneme
% ^4 d/ G# O* L7 _B. Stress
, Y% D% e) Z( q3 Q# n6 V3 X3 r4 kC. Tempo
$ H+ h w, }# z. g9 k. n' sD. Morpheme
7 `) a) S5 U5 q+ {% m 满分：2 分
2 C, W8 h3 R c+ [, L! P8 W8. ( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.6 O$ L/ }# I. [! y
A. pre-head
% ?" k9 e g |; VB. head/ ?( D! m; a. }; L1 n! g! ]
C. nuclear tail
5 G( `: }: L6 |7 f8 AD. nucleus: f* |# O5 v; Q% e$ {% q# t
满分：2 分* J& l: H$ o( s; v; N) o
9. ( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.& u$ Q; ?9 x0 ~: O4 u+ g0 @
A. Phonetics" i, Y" r8 E& W: u
B. Phonology4 Z* U1 g4 p5 D n; J1 r) A; u; L
C. Morphology* F1 V8 u+ z# s% @
D. Dialectology
( v* |: X1 l# c3 h9 p# ^6 ~ 满分：2 分
; `0 s+ l u8 d7 U' q# ^1 }10. ( ) is the scie nce that studies sounds
5 x7 \ ?$ b9 T; UA. Phonetics. o0 g3 |- }; i. R# \( i3 a9 L
B. Phonology: J' U& N8 t3 a0 Y3 I: I
C. Morphology
. ~9 r+ j+ i. F4 CD. Dialectology
* ^$ q/ Y0 B0 t G 满分：2 分
' S& ^ o, q$ ]! [4 @11. ( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the one hand and speakers and society on the other.
' _5 w: N' T0 G# f4 p+ i$ ]A. Pragmatics" ^" F) Q" l/ F: U, J- x
B. Sociolinguistics$ t$ r* G8 L8 u! s5 ]+ w# N" S$ f
C. Syntax
6 _6 [# H5 O( d2 xD. Semantics, M7 a) E7 ^9 ^* B9 e- ~: p# O9 y
满分：2 分3 S! b8 W+ V% a2 Y. A0 V; Q
12. ( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.; @" B4 E" f! a$ q$ P P" Z! @
A. Pragmatics
! @, W0 q3 X3 FB. Discourse analysis6 _2 [) E s' P4 [8 }
C. Dialectology" V4 c9 S8 `. r' o
D. Morphology+ c q8 w8 F7 A( b; c
满分：2 分1 q1 d2 ~# w! r
13. 'The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
) A7 G* S T2 y3 q eA. phonetically# X3 L, s+ ?( t( \- f: }
B. phonologically
( H, Y$ V" Y$ p( tC. sound
: J& R2 M) P! T( G, R5 g% KD. seem
3 t9 u- z( ]% K& r1 r) W9 s& i 满分：2 分
# r5 G9 q# S( O$ ^2 b ]14. 'Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
l/ U, b# C6 wA. function
$ V3 t* }8 A( GB. design features
4 B' ?" u" e8 yC. importance% T7 D- I$ c6 @: @ c7 U' D5 {
D. performance+ ?9 t2 P/ f4 O* N
满分：2 分- H( N( ~& w0 V l9 Y$ l
15. Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ( ).! s y/ q9 n1 |) R9 e+ J# g1 {
A. perfomation
% h( C5 x5 q* \' BB. feature
6 @: H1 P! ~, t$ O9 H, D& R4 qC. function% I; f5 T' h$ H7 G9 D
D. distinctive feature% w) `/ D7 a2 s# ^7 U% H( \
满分：2 分
, _9 [' d( \* t16. 'Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( )." _, y1 m$ H8 |0 o
A. Arbitrariness7 W6 b; t3 U9 ?7 ?$ K
B. Genetic-cultural transmission
# {8 ?+ A6 }" d/ cC. Non-arbitrariness* G' w- V i1 q# p$ Z+ j
D. Duality
; s8 H# q# }/ o" T6 @ 满分：2 分
: V1 |% b& c2 E- S8 @17. ( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation3 R1 e, E b# E+ w1 x+ S
A. register
; N( ]+ t1 a/ C, PB. Style, J6 K/ [- y" I3 N0 A! M( e6 x
C. genre
% a% `2 n/ b. G4 WD. Form4 v& E2 ?! F* Q* F
满分：2 分
4 a% w) W6 w6 ?1 D% f8 ~: V. E n18. In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.0 X$ D6 |( w+ Y
A. Node- M8 n+ [3 c3 A6 \) o, o
B. Initial node' k/ t! z' a% ^" G: x" ~6 U
C. Branching
8 g( f+ d, n1 E% eD. Intermediate node$ p$ f3 N& Z8 Z' n' i1 ~3 i. T8 a
满分：2 分
n' ], \% T8 |# D# Z3 C19. 'Collocation (p. 261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
! p5 |( m" q W! H- gA. Collocation
. T5 {9 |; [. R0 A! k y+ X. BB. Reiteration
' V* f+ w3 T: d2 S0 ^# S3 B9 hC. Lexical cohesion% [- ]4 j& G; @* F1 `
D. Coherence4 N# b) h' f$ N1 G) P
满分：2 分
6 V3 b% F: [& J# T20. 'The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
9 z# S. h! w ?; w3 \A. Noam Chomsky
" a. R9 Q: F+ r- v# wB. Jacobson
$ k! t3 |5 X9 K. H) nC. Haliday ?, E n8 [9 n& W# }( H' T5 K
D. Nida' b/ k5 n+ g/ h2 k) R' }- I
满分：2 分8 u4 g; i) | f0 _
, ]( i3 d7 D6 o7 v) a0 N( A' P二、判断题（共 30 道试题，共 60 分。）V 1. 'Utterance meaning is context-independent
! T9 |# X/ I! k3 n7 n: tA. 错误
4 {2 F8 k0 B6 [ Z8 y% [, T0 I$ {B. 正确) k4 k! M$ d1 y* }
满分：2 分4 a, V" K: r+ h0 V6 |/ K; L* R0 X
2. Reference relates linguistic forms to some other related linguistic forms: ~9 ^8 {9 T0 n3 W' d
A. 错误: ?3 \) [& K; U4 u
B. 正确
) ~% G) S+ ~$ ` 满分：2 分
3 z, N! C b6 S; ?, r4 _3. 'The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.! x) h. \$ z: B1 m/ l* D
A. 错误 \; e" k' e' N
B. 正确
0 F, i; l; _9 t& T6 P* B+ T 满分：2 分; _8 y( Y3 L2 l
4. Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word .% m2 b- U$ J, y7 N' t& c" C$ R/ H6 A
A. 错误
( T0 G/ c( P9 w* d3 K/ UB. 正确2 D5 ]. k. ?! [# _2 d5 t
满分：2 分& I7 F- c# Q& C+ F
5. Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.8 }$ j- A, V" |
A. 错误
( G3 C/ ~) B* w. I) {: O rB. 正确
; n/ \& f6 i4 i' b7 K4 J 满分：2 分& H; D+ l+ k# t- N/ H) C& n8 \! O
6. Diphthong is treated as two vowels .
, Y6 f; t6 E1 o' p9 ~A. 错误
: M& u' y+ ?$ KB. 正确- Z3 s# I- A- o5 J, I/ O
满分：2 分2 j. t, K! ]1 X! w" C
7. 'A constituent structure rule is one that governs selecting from the lexicon a lexical item and inserting it into a terminal node of a constituent structure as its daughter.
$ E0 F# J. t1 R4 AA. 错误: o# G3 \8 N$ R
B. 正确$ i* n8 b+ ^* b5 Y3 b
满分：2 分; L4 c; z) X/ R/ c
8. A morphological rule is a rule that introduces the morph or allomorphs that match the morpheme concerned.3 m/ F: I7 K/ [0 I( u6 V
A. 错误
8 D+ ~- v. _ f2 M, \B. 正确/ B$ [* e6 @, t: z1 O4 Y1 M
满分：2 分0 [6 ^/ c( Z& y: j
9. In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity are relatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.
# b' L0 m6 |$ u! ^A. 错误* S, R$ K6 P' E" i! `# Q& S
B. 正确* H1 E/ m( ~! _2 t6 x7 y+ l
满分：2 分7 l& [, y8 K3 Z, X( a( ?
10. 'Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
5 V$ E, T/ n9 o u. p3 H: X( VA. 错误 M& a5 `& l! O2 a
B. 正确3 r' a0 {2 Q7 ]$ w
满分：2 分
7 A; _8 V+ k l2 w' a) _% C2 B: L11. 'Compared to phonetics, phonology is more concerned with the organisation of speech sounds in relation to the conveyance of meaning., S; B T( _$ N( g. u
A. 错误& f- h9 L! D0 q# ~8 ~/ v$ J$ S/ D
B. 正确
, l6 _4 s- i( x9 Z 满分：2 分) t7 ~9 Y8 x' g
12. When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination.
5 r8 a6 a8 E6 g8 X7 x" `A. 错误; p( j9 V ^! y4 J8 B8 v- U
B. 正确
7 t- e' C' _6 B# T 满分：2 分' E. @+ c' c# V U
13. A language is an isolating language if its morphemes are all bound morphemes7 {1 Y% j$ j! V, Q
A. 错误
3 }7 Y% {! o# }1 e/ f; K3 s/ iB. 正确* v9 d. b' p/ x/ r9 @+ c) s) ?$ w
满分：2 分7 y* o5 \3 }. c' Q
14. 'Utterance meaning includes not only the relevant sentential meaning(s) but also various meanings determined by the contexts where the utterance takes place.
, `: }/ V# q z! S: i- }+ a, i8 @A. 错误
: ~3 z; P4 a0 QB. 正确. B) n% \# v8 t; ]
满分：2 分, u4 T0 n; g7 V
15. 'Duality makes it possible for second/foreign language learning
, D+ ~" S' d0 E8 {' yA. 错误
U% s9 z8 \" B0 p0 n6 RB. 正确/ F- I& T: P, Q6 k! r' a
满分：2 分: N3 L9 D$ C9 q8 A, X* G5 S& D4 N
16. Constituency approach is bottom-up in nature.
6 [5 J8 J1 \& V4 D" EA. 错误
3 N5 B* _2 a u) OB. 正确
# r2 W' f# v! p& K 满分：2 分
$ W8 F3 E8 S) ^. c- N17. Substitution refers to the replacement of one item by another in the text and is concerned with the way substitutions realise the grammatical cohesion in the text.
( S4 E; k* |- e1 q' kA. 错误+ {7 ^: [7 P! V E
B. 正确% w) w. I5 B% m% w, g5 G, b
满分：2 分! a) S, t! F# F( T% d( G& ?
18. 'Language is entirely arbitrary.& q' D8 M; n) @6 `8 A* ~
A. 错误
# [2 U9 R+ N+ K. N2 v$ G: i$ AB. 正确
- H& f! {( o0 j2 z/ U& L9 r, u 满分：2 分
* C' i3 w1 r' ~0 N; _19. 'Transformation rules don't have to follow a set order.0 ]0 M. C# S9 W% G3 X& r
A. 错误
. S* q) Z& s2 j( D8 EB. 正确
4 v8 x% q! |& Z/ ]' b+ a3 x 满分：2 分, b% S6 w, h' ^" [+ \3 e2 m
20. Bound morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone as a word
5 H4 a! Y+ h9 s4 HA. 错误" o& M; E' s4 W* @/ ~
B. 正确" D( s, y2 g" C. h7 a( l/ o% _* k. c
满分：2 分
+ q" M/ E, F$ |, A# H' O* [21. Inflectional morphology is concerned with the study of inflections of words in language.
) ^. ?3 d2 t y3 K/ S. `( EA. 错误
- ~# K6 o3 N0 A6 QB. 正确
& ^! }+ U) Y6 W- ?/ Y 满分：2 分
: y0 _# `# c0 A22. 'The position of the nucleus in a tone-unit is usually dependent on the intention that the speaker has in mind for the utterance .
6 x3 A/ G# c3 `7 b" E* oA. 错误# A9 B7 [1 P `/ y) K5 c5 b& g) U$ J
B. 正确* b/ {3 O. C$ E& S2 P8 O$ ~
满分：2 分
# O# b0 |' C& }. n23. Diachronic linguistics focuses on a particular phase in its development., z( R2 c W4 B) }# R
A. 错误
2 O3 \. p V' [' a: j _B. 正确
8 H5 l6 l* n2 o 满分：2 分+ t- n$ j' [6 V' D
24. Sentence is a unit in semantics and its meaning is formed on the principle of compositionality.& A: w1 S; b# s) Q% N' D1 S! q
A. 错误7 L6 N" j b1 d3 T) `" L4 e
B. 正确$ _% q$ Y9 ?. _6 j# I- y/ K8 c" B1 P
满分：2 分
, c1 J( c- h% ?/ V$ G) c25. Segmental phonology is concerned with the phonological features (also known as prosodic features) that extend more one segment.
" D r- P( G6 ~: Y9 `6 xA. 错误% i' t$ R8 l0 D( Y/ F3 V
B. 正确# S& h3 g5 }/ X* A. x7 P6 D n
满分：2 分
5 U ^& i& i: N: E' ?% J. @26. Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in9 T; n' D8 U3 X8 F8 i
A. 错误1 s4 g' J5 z1 s; c1 y" _' L
B. 正确
7 S+ P$ t& g' Q( ?2 k% n7 p 满分：2 分0 C2 U! j9 ^/ I3 h2 r9 P
27. Sense is the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves.( g n+ {# P6 Z" U% p1 \& Q
A. 错误
* r( w& e1 X$ X# U4 f: kB. 正确
4 S. k6 u4 X' L" G( z$ O 满分：2 分
+ _8 f5 D. Z7 k28. 'Juncture refers to the features that help making a divisional contrast in meaning and that only involves pause.. g4 k: @/ H$ b/ \3 g
A. 错误/ |- o; K5 P& r
B. 正确8 A& h2 n. d7 n$ x$ n
满分：2 分
7 a; W) Q3 J# q2 r9 D8 w4 h, d j$ g29. Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.: O) y% f0 C: p% Z: x
A. 错误- }0 c: \8 N2 z
B. 正确7 d- Q% i/ ]" p8 X4 p
满分：2 分
' _) c& r7 d; A8 a. ^4 q: F5 U5 }30. Inflectional morpheme may be a free morpheme.% Q; f7 X7 [% D% w1 j3 B* K; ~8 |
A. 错误
$ C7 c4 \: Y& ~4 DB. 正确
& D4 r: `( Q2 l 满分：2 分 |
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