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吉大11春学期《新视野英语(三)》复习题
- x/ v |2 ~2 N2 b% N3 a4 lⅠ. Vocabulary and Structure
% m/ z" e9 I. l1 {9 ^$ p( W1. Our guide gave us a detailed _______ of this painting but we still do not understand.2 v" E5 T% W& t+ p
A. authority B. interpretation C. instruction D. institution3 f$ n" w- e7 D% l& K5 }9 e1 ?
2. Generally speaking, there is always a generation _______ in every country.4 e4 l `5 T- ]
A. gap B. break C. globe D. equality
9 U" t2 a L# U! ~, X3. Careful planning and hard work will _______ our final success.$ j- A" F& Z) ^# i& l
A. enclose B. ensure C. discharge D. deny
% H$ B" f' b% v+ D% ?) b% U( T4. I have _______ three terrible English examinations this week.
& s) C( c9 a6 L3 y1 o: oA. observed B. operated C. undergone D. suffered5 S* q9 X9 ]; D/ d P
5.This is a purely _______ problem, not a political one.3 N& g3 J7 k$ n
A. additional B. advantage C. announce D. academic" g2 s6 C& R# L. D7 y- k9 ?
6. The _______ TOEFL score for entering this program is 600.
, k; g- G% g, t: zA. less B. sandy C. stain D. minimum
[ M1 a7 u6 W$ c! L# b& X7.The best example of a paradox is the proverb “More _______, less speed”.
) J- C: G8 I& QA. haste B. range C. possession D. purse1 A3 [. v1 V# f& j0 }& I
8. Hot metal _____ as it grows cooler.
+ i: `4 d1 a* {9 ~0 j A. contracts B. reduces C. condenses D. compresses- A, `) b5 {( r
9. Although the cyclist was unhurt, his bicycle was _____ between the lorry and the wall.
0 z- f) W3 ^7 k A. crushed B. clashed C. crashed D. cracked
% U. ?* @. a: C2 m10. This story is not real, it is only _____.) T$ O8 W8 }# b* F" P3 H# Q" N
A. imaginary B. imaginative C. imaginable D. imagined" q5 Q2 r6 Q: Y4 ^3 }. c
11. When you take a picture, you should _______ carefully to get a sharp picture.. I9 r1 B5 c4 h5 D- n
A. focus B. object C. preserve D. fix
U, [) ]$ ^$ }' }12. The Chinese food in the United States is usually _______ for American people.
- e6 n& s0 _6 f" P- @. tA. exchanged B. altered C. modified D. cooked5 W2 S. P: m0 J" _2 j; q
13. There are _______ approaches to English teaching. But not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.
$ g! }+ u: U5 w* sA. double B. joint C. originate D. diverse
, z$ n2 P( [+ x" o14. To send a spacecraft to the moon was really a scientific _____.
6 R4 z* F5 N: i$ c1 ]0 F A. venture B. business C. experience D. adventure
K8 y" n. l, |. z% R7 ~' c15. The children performed a very _____ dance for their parents.8 A1 L: f/ Z! ^% ?! k7 K9 D" E
A. gracious B. grateful C. graceful D. greedy
2 |7 h9 V" V$ O, t& U# d, w4 j16. The list is arranged according to the _______ professions of the audience.
i8 _0 }: C, k- w9 @A. respective B. responsible C. resource D. resolution3 }& ]" F) @! ^( @
17. That rich man has been dead for a long time but his ________ is still not known to the public.
- ?% a2 m0 B' e% O) G/ qA. sausage B. shelf C. portion D. will
, t& h; V4 w/ l7 J( e18. I could have _______ such a situation but I didn’t. }0 P! o% G6 i% H8 N. E6 d8 o
A. forecast B. overcome C. shed D. urged
& _9 O' c3 ?% Y) M4 h0 G: D' E4 O0 |19. I prefer a _______ typewriter to an automatic one.2 H2 W ^+ z ~* Q9 Z
A. mechanic B. manual C. merchant D. mental
9 d0 z9 j; Y4 N20. Water and air are _____.
9 [! M5 \1 E6 I+ l" V A. fluids B. streams C. floats D. flows
9 ?, \% ?; F0 { k$ O21. The roof was damaged and water _____ from the ceilings in wet weather.4 Y8 E$ Z/ [# N# B% n, g7 r
A. dropped B. dripped C. drained D. strained
8 G0 L: ^2 Y) x3 ] ~22. I hope John would give me some _____ of what he would like for his birthday.) q% a& z, }* \5 I
A. clue B. hint C. implication D. inference: M" M C6 y1 n) T* S; ^% j" D
23. This company provides a very good _______ service for its products.( d E* e y" a8 j, ]: Y0 P
A. maintenance B. merit C. philosophy D. pigeon
# H4 J9 R+ D& f+ A, c% R24. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. + M; |% h2 T; }3 ^8 }$ J8 Z
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked! F% i% `; @* I; L* r d
25. Buying such a streamline car has always been ________ his dreams.
& N' v3 P$ B! f A. under B. over C. above D. beyond
% t" f$ ~& \ d6 \; x26. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.( I( G1 Q; W* l0 z; F1 ~
A. hang up B. hang about C. hang on D. hang onto
1 B0 c) i- G; L; B' t27. My daughter is entering a new _____ of development now that she is starting school.
* `6 C1 Y1 v, M3 k& C/ v A. span B. era C. phase D. sphere0 q5 ] H _1 ~: t4 u& p
28. Today, we are the tender trees, but tomorrow, we will be the _____ of the state.
) _$ g5 v, I( q. e* D A. pillows B. pillars C. columns D. pole' o, s" \1 I0 O/ X% V
29. Getting up is an everyday _____.* f( y' w. ?. x2 g
A. happening B. occurrence C. incident D. event8 O% C( T! w" R; u
30. I am afraid that you have to alter your _____ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.
1 Z' j% ^+ n$ v) c/ r) X+ A A. pessimistic B. indifferent C. distressing D. optimistic# l: \3 S6 p( b. m7 m M6 C3 @& ]
31. The university _____ consists of full professors, associate professors and assistant professors.; t- |' g. W1 B/ K: s
A. crew B. personnel C. faculty D. staff# F( v8 {% t- h5 P0 z3 H- q2 P
32. The criminal should be put to death because he had given himself to evil without _____.8 A4 X* n0 _+ X) y7 L# _% l0 r
A. constraint B. restraint C. refrain D. abstain
5 j& U" x) Y; j/ X7 y33. We rarely perceive more than a minute _____ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.
9 t$ g- n6 S' [. [1 q- ` A. fiction B. function C. fraction D. friction& D( B2 v% p1 Y2 V+ P
34. Their political action _____ the fall of the government.' [5 K8 q- F3 f0 ~% A+ } n0 y
A. promoted B. accelerated C. hastened D. advanced6 |4 F a! I0 a `+ ?* Q/ [
35. When we have agreed broadly on what should be said, the secretary will produce a preliminary _____ for the committee’s approval.
3 j3 m& [. h- \1 ]3 @8 j# k A. project B. design C. draft D. drawing
* W4 A! ~6 Z! S$ ]7 \& | V36. Chinese customs regulations _____ taking precious works of art out of China.9 e$ Y, ]& E/ I/ J0 j3 b4 U. }4 W
A. prohibit B. allow C. avoid D. repel
/ T @+ \. U' l" h6 M1 F37. The tension _____ as the guest of honor was about to announce the winner.
' w# q T7 h) b* Z0 e A. mounted B. ascended C. climbed D. raised
! L) W9 l7 B, s. W& F' p6 Q38. The noise was caused by a dog _____ a cat through the garden.
8 K& v5 r4 F! W5 K- J9 ~3 x5 ` A. catching B. fighting C. following D. chasing
" l% R+ v1 N( `1 i9 p3 Q- L5 J39. The use of standard components makes _____ easier when they are worn.2 J# Q; V! |/ A8 T: A2 l( O
A. replacement B. place C. repair D. modification5 J9 I1 v$ e! z8 d/ R2 b
40. Chopsticks of bamboo or wood can be bought in _____ of pairs; 10 is the usual number
7 h0 B0 x+ U% a, | A. bunches B. bundles C. units D. pieces
0 K: @4 y+ p8 ~: m, Y1 Y& G41. Though Japan is now an economic giant, it has one vital weakness, that is, it lacks the _____ material necessary for its industry.
9 F# l) A# J) [9 }7 N# L7 Q! u A. primitive B. raw C. crude D. primary
0 p- V8 t% p0 K/ f F+ ~42. The ship’s generator broke down, and the pumps had be to operated _____ instead of mechanically.' {! W( G% k$ S7 x* k
A. manually B. artificially C. automatically D. synthetically
5 ~5 `! w9 S3 E8 n7 J43. Now, most medical students complain that their _____ are too heavy to bear.- d, q' q' r7 a5 Y: [$ r3 t. @
A. curriculum B. curricula C. course D. subjects
0 H8 x5 ]4 R3 R' m8 A& [7 N44. The government gave a very _____ explanation of its plans for industrial development.8 ] d0 n1 v- P4 s
A. extensive B. widespread C. universal D. comprehensive. M ?! l8 e2 J E2 r
45. The black clouds _____ rain.
6 \7 c3 r; g. O) k2 o A. indicated B. hinted C. suggested D. meant; i/ Y/ A ~; M0 i( K* g' C0 s. |: u
46. Near the scene of the crime, the police arrested two men whose behavior appeared _______.$ K+ \/ ~& {) V! V2 H. p
A. doubtful B. doubtless C. suspicious D. suspect7 B2 \' y0 J* l; n
47. We should be ______ of the comfort of old people.; m E6 h+ b9 s8 W
A. thoughtful B. considerate C. considerable D. substantial( T1 _. J: U# x: \8 _/ T' X
48. Some of the old _____ about the space age are coming true.1 A$ i5 K9 N1 V4 o. |
A. fantasies B. imagination C. nightmares D. impressions
9 \, H- o, B5 g49. The swindler _____ me into giving him a big sum of money.5 O- B. [% \6 @8 v1 P% H* ?! ~
A. deceived B. cheated C. concealed D. lay
- P" ^# t. q. H. \( b50. Yesterday the boy _____ the police of a crime.8 S0 f5 v4 S1 V0 s7 \! F' }
A. justified B. informed C. simplified D. notified( X) l0 E5 \$ p7 m
51. The police will give you a ticket if you_____ the speed limit.
T- K& _7 }( }( X& C A. extend B. excess C. exclaim D. exceed: x9 T: h2 v- M+ }7 J+ H
52. His ____ changes very quickly; one moment he is cheerful, and the next he is complaining about everything.
0 U$ V, X1 V5 n( w J A. emotion B. mood C. tendency D. sense
* p- l& b& B1 [' W7 Y% L, ~53. He escaped by ______ himself as a security guard.
& h: \# g9 v t: n; Y& ~; f" J+ ~7 M A. pretending B. disguising C. disgracing D. hiding+ ^, p8 v& `) b7 |. C6 U
54. He spoke in a thick English ______.6 ^) n2 T/ C& Q/ h- w9 A, j1 w
A. accent B. tone C. dialect D. pronunciation. [% R* {) |4 j* V$ a/ o! |& m
55. He always makes _____ of some humorous remarks into his rather serious lectures, so we say he is a good speaker.
" v& K" u5 l8 _0 o3 X! i: q \+ k A. inserts B. injection C. extra D. including
! c) X( ]" o% V$ X. J9 z* h" a56. The years _____ which he was away were long years to her.
" u6 W: ?9 I, C- F& v, Z1 J3 h! qA. with B. during C. of D. to7 u9 G' s! i1 O3 f) E6 p( o% _
57. After lunch, we all got on with our _____ jobs.
+ Y! s& s4 K$ y' } G A. respective B. respecting C. respectable D. respectful& _9 Y5 C% X. |
58. Before 1949, China, whose people are _____, was frequently involved in war.
/ }4 j4 P0 x6 c0 C; M- u A. love-peace B. peace-loved C. peace-love D. peace-loving6 i; z7 Q) m8 y% ?# N F
59. If we don’t leave early, we will run the risk ______ the plane.
z1 p: P+ N0 C$ }8 t ^ A. to miss B. missed C. of missing D. miss+ f8 X3 K, p3 [" J/ c
60. We have ______ oil reserves to last for three months.
/ j+ G6 J, X( h3 v( j; l! N A. suffix B. efficient C. effect D. sufficient0 i6 U: x6 w/ ]# Q- n6 Q* b# j4 h
61. I _____ great satisfaction from my work.
% o& ~$ Y: F, e& K- C# r7 ]( T A. deprive B. derive C. supprise D. detect2 \+ g: l* L% K0 h
62. Don’t interfere ____ him. He is preparing for the final exam.
3 U" m b$ U. c) q; f A. in B. to C. on D. with! z. i2 s5 Q! ~9 E1 _& `
63. We’ve had a _____ of hot dry summers.
3 D! j u& J' j; w" Z A. successive B. success C. succession D. successor
6 T" j* I7 u3 A. I+ T! p- _) _64. We are able to provide accommodation ____ two students.: [. i& {3 Q2 P" C
A. for B. with C. to D. towards
( z/ e6 U( |1 I+ {65. David _____ his company’s success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work .) Q P2 W; ]% G. D( U6 b3 w
A. attributed B. contributed C. distributed D. devoted* p5 t3 Z9 O% N: m2 h, m8 H! `
66. They took ______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.4 I( q/ k3 H8 ~5 T5 @* }, w
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. efficient D. effective
& f- z" [$ o; E67. You can’t afford to let the situation get worse. You must take ______ to put it right.9 x d& T% n+ {. e, o& u( K v
A. decisions B. directions C. steps D. sides
4 `& G# d% j) y* i. d* O68. Professor Taylor’s talk has indicated that science has a very strong ______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. q9 Z, R/ Y! e/ `- F
A. motivation B. perspective C. impact D. impression
; H& @+ X+ c, M: m69. The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been ______ filled in .1 H7 v- S2 q" [7 f7 S; K
A. consequently B. regularly C. comprehensively D. properly1 z( \% w6 j4 t; C
70. We welcome rain, but a(an) ______ large amount of rainfall will cause floods.
5 P2 V. S( @4 D& F8 `8 B$ g; w A. extensively B. extremely C. specially D. constantly
+ F$ }! m# E; R7 D71. Though the long-term ______ cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee.
4 I* P# d' ?$ c$ H' b A. affect B. effort C. effect D. afford
/ ^; b: R9 _' e8 \72. Color-blind people often find it difficult to ______ between blue and green.
3 a) k; ]1 E/ L* n% x4 p' ] A. separate B. distinguish C. compare D. contrast
' f* ]( t- c- \73. It took him several months to ______ the wild horse.
- `$ {% V1 a/ L9 Y0 F5 W( C A. tend B. cultivate C. tame D. breed0 z% H& C( ?4 B5 P3 K2 S
74. Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience ______ greatly to his success in public life.
" r' z: F1 w N. T A. owed B. contributed C. attached D. related
5 O0 t h1 h$ Z75. Although the weather was very bad, the buses still ran on _____.( ]" _! Q& k. O# F0 s
A. list B. plan C. arrangement D. schedule
: U' m* u, {. G- Y, P76. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe _______.
8 O8 P2 u0 Z& f A. inserted B. imposed C. plunged D. pitched3 k) B1 o! p6 M: ^% ~
77. The manager spoke highly of such ______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.( W2 [" b4 L, Z% S5 B6 ~
A. virtues B. features C. properties D. characteristics
6 K, r3 N0 t3 O78. The socks were too small, and it was only by _____ them that he managed to get them on.
- r" S' E. V) A. B0 z/ b- | A. stretching B. extending C. lengthening D. spreading
5 p- A# w# e/ Z79. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial _____.
: l9 _, g$ ]& Z4 l0 _! |) B/ E A. mark B. trace C. feature D. appearance
+ a3 b/ p$ [+ Y" P80. There was a _____ drop in support for the Union in the 1974 election.' I0 P+ t& l, q% F2 m% z Z/ H* x
A. delicate B. distinct C. distant D. downward
+ X# U# s- n: u6 s: x81. Knowing something as a whole is far from knowing all its _____.
' M8 ^! `, w, C8 X0 KA. instance B. character C. items D. details
1 S/ `/ ^2 m9 A, K% \82. Let’s not wait any longer; he might not _________ at all.
2 V- F" q& X9 |; s# K A. turn over B. turn down C. turn on D. turn up
' {/ A1 L/ B% y' } s/ @0 p83. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could ______.
4 g+ s! I; a& V/ y% v2 b9 @" ]) A A. stand up to B. put up with C. come up with D. make up for1 V0 r; C, r$ K4 U
84. If people feel hopeless, they don't bother to _______ the skills they need to succeed.
. ~) n+ s) E2 a, _% O2 D A. adopt B. acquire C. accumulate D. assemble
0 O6 x @" S7 O. a; m4 k+ @* v' r$ {85. The leader of the expedition ______ everyone to follow his example.
, k2 k7 c% W' e6 N c, j5 R' T A. promoted B. reinforced C. sponsor D. inspired
7 x. j2 u. O$ _9 t86. They refuse to intervene ___ the quarrel.
$ |5 [. D9 B# E0 ^* j9 v A. for B. in C.from D. of+ O2 e! f O9 @8 H) h7 ~7 e# c
87. She’s very pretty but that kind of face doesn’t__ me.
% m! V+ `/ B: v ]5 z A. appeal to B. call to C. attract to D. fancy to
~* K$ J7 h/ c, b* Z: `: k, h/ i88. Have you checked ____ these papers? , E' z+ I0 j4 m6 G6 }1 e
A. for B. in C. out D. through
8 h$ g7 b" C, a! e, _89. They were so far away that I couldn’t _____ their faces clearly.4 k, D1 e+ _6 h7 L7 d4 C
A. see through B. make up C. make at D. make out
' {, O3 e; P0 |" @- D- ^8 D5 H90. All the evidence I have collected boils ____ to the fact that he is a shop lifter.
" G. Z# S& I4 |, l, SA. up B. down C. on D. off D; ~8 _5 _ I1 R4 u0 ?) }, E
91. With the supplies of nurses below _____, the local government decided to recruit(招募)
' Y* d# {' q2 r* @& h( p3 k volunteers.( O/ M+ ^! p3 w1 Z6 `$ d
A. acquirements B. assignments C. commitment D. requirements
3 O9 N' N3 M; p; z* E- B J- G" q( H92. Only when one is ______ of one’s getting behind is one more likely to catch up. - m/ i. R& G/ q) s
A. critical B. aware C. visual D. effective
' l3 c( X: Q3 c9 U# Z* u7 m93. It is better for you to be _____ about its consequences before you take any action.8 ^7 i3 K' q Z# I9 E: T* {' e
A. positive B. absolute C. critical D. favorite
1 |6 x4 [2 n$ q. p9 l& M94. As an ideal _____ to the spread of SARS, this medicine is now in great demand.: ^4 f: A+ P9 N4 a% n+ x
A. barrier B. commitment C. challenge D. access# c9 n; c( T3 A+ @* e$ }1 V$ Z
95. When her business goes wrong, she tends to _____ for advice.
0 k* w& u4 a1 u5 J, w1 M1 r A. get access to B. come across C. reach out D. speak up
# w) v& a2 ?" Q( o96. The most important for us now is to _____ what is to be done next.
n8 D9 i/ L9 u: N$ Q, x: b A. allow of B. reflect onq C. feel like D. remind of
& H' P% `/ b, m0 h! N! ]3 n2 l97. It is best to _____ wear through friction in designing the parts of every machine.
+ Y' Y3 I/ J3 |: [5 @ A. have insight into B. come up with C. allow for D. reflect on+ p4 S) ~' N/ n+ u9 x
98. Good habits of living have proved to be of much _____ to our health. $ u) X7 Q' R( A
A. barrier B. benefit C. immunity D. commitment: T* |* g2 P$ r3 t2 ^
99. Now that we have learned to see things _____, we can find that there are two sides to anything in the world./ w( l2 Q" B5 G& b4 U f
A. in part B. from a perspective C. on their part D. in perspective
3 o& K% ^" r; y9 e7 g w100. As a(n) _____ job, it requires much time and commitment and persistence.
+ f( F$ F4 y: J0 h A. unwilling B. demanding C. embarrassing D. frustrating
8 i% |" S3 i8 @. {* R101. The _____ to be better than others drives him to work harder than before.
6 g; R0 ~/ o& Y1 b$ V4 B A. uniqueness B. eagerness C. awareness D. effectiveness
4 ^3 ^0 @ F& {3 a, T4 h102. For your study to stay in a ______ cycle, you must keep up with the progress of the course.
0 a( x3 F" X% ~8 a) R/ Z2 v A. virtuous B. virtual C. visual D. vital8 Q5 x4 L1 g* E" _
103. Anyone that goes against the social order is _____ to answer for his action.! R! M, o0 V! d, i
A. possibly B. probably C. likely D. normally: R3 H( Q9 P4 D; ?) {
104. There is much that can be done about the accidents _____ from carelessness. $ v$ W" u0 w X: }+ }# j) w
A. arose B. arisen C. arising D. arise
5 ]! ? c, m- H$ F% B) n105. _____ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.
# R- g+ [ R3 [5 ?9 N* a A. Dislike B. Unlike C. Alike D. Liking4 a" x, l4 [: D N. t1 i1 s
106. On the conference, representatives from different countries _________ different viewpoints on this matter. . x# n& B# E. @/ @. N
A. put out B. put off C. put forth D. put down
?/ k+ l( w* H107. The _____ of the seasons has long been observed by people in all parts of the world. . T* l4 u) `6 Z
A. rhythm B. rite C. click D. identity
0 ?: y# }5 u# H9 h108. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.- ^9 ]/ J$ ?% b3 V% {; |( @
A. influential B. monstrous C. vigorous D. powerful
5 b$ ?; f8 m7 D& I( t8 c( V7 X/ f109. The footballer made a(n) _____ gesture, which made the audience’s blood boil., E# B1 q% s* R
A. mature B. offering C. offensive D. hesitative # ^0 h* R4 {" [4 u0 b4 s. U
110. However, at times this balance in nature is ____, resulting in a number of possible unforeseen effects.
6 D' w& V# x5 T6 ^/ S$ U7 M A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. disgusted7 R8 x; s/ _, [3 E/ s5 t
111. Since evidence of the fraud came to light, Congress has been demanding a ______ investigation.
& {% r J7 J% K A. horrible B. thorough C. thoughtful D. weird
2 S+ z0 Y3 `. {1 q& y112. Tax cuts are the most important ______ the government has for stimulating the economy.
- k: I: N7 E+ V: s& U A. instruction B. toast C. instrument D. stuff / \5 l, Z* k: P% `1 H/ k) L
113. Spitting on the ground is not only ______ but also harmful to others’ health.! E, ^& i' h' t5 E
A. blasting B. banging C. grabbing D. disgusting$ ~+ T2 \8 r. l( V$ V- t' [9 z; c8 v0 H
114. The residents here complain that they have been intensely _____ by the endless noises from the building sites for weeks.
8 _5 t/ v) U/ Q8 i2 Y% u- { A. annoyed B. pierced C. wrapped D. destroyed
* N0 Y m4 J6 H/ C: x. E9 W7 z115. The news made many scientists ______ that the living environment on the planet has been going worse. ( C4 O) m: }8 l- M
A. awful B. upset C. tuneless D. lucky
. [; K! U" _& e1 W& d. a# J116. It is not surprising that in modern times the _______ in this month may be out of date in next.8 e8 g6 a: E. W) e6 l# o; B# B
A. fashion B. anchor C. section D. brow4 q C e _' Y- E
117. The idea of winning the eyes of the people around ____ powerfully to some youngsters, so they are eagerly identifying themselves.
$ w5 R, p# K: ]% q* d$ R0 K A. defy B. expel C. attract D. appeals 0 C1 ~4 H3 p! l
118. We are expecting to see that the concerted research work will come up with a _____ solution to the problem.1 C' B' [/ c; A0 r$ c+ Z4 J' Q& a/ ]4 D$ K
A. permanent B. perspective C. persistent D. persuasive ' H* O" a3 a% N9 \7 h- w
119. He made ______ alterations to his flat and then sold it at a huge profit. - m3 ]9 {2 P0 e/ R- w6 U0 ^3 C& m
A. offensive B. awful C. radical D. patient 7 ?( J% }1 G% G+ x
120. Although there is no easy cure for SARS at present, some of its causes have been ______
( U6 N, z+ y9 d9 x/ y by experts. . a5 f0 d: m* t/ X# |
A. rebelled B. distracted C. bolted D. identified
. N2 o7 x' h1 n1 R5 F2 C121. A positive answer makes you feel good, but a(n) ______ one teaches you a lot.
% s# c$ g- `2 H A. affirmative B. negative C. offensive D. tuneless0 ` s/ z# X. g9 F" {. _3 Q* y
122. At the early stage of a child’s development, the family tends to have a greater _____ on him than his school. / Y! N+ ]) K: O- m: S- N
A. instrument B. Identity C. communication D. influence
# Y6 @* i3 p, B8 ?6 S; w% e6 ] ?123. More and more people began to ______ the relationship between man and nature, especially after the event.
/ N. V) n- Q0 X. h- {- o' n A. get rid of B. go too far C. be concerned about D. burst into ; u/ n/ m/ U# R! r
124. It is a common practice in western countries that one must make a(n) _____ before seeing his doctor or visiting a friend. $ M, [6 O! _8 b( U; _6 e4 j
A. anchor B. appointment C. makeup D. toast : ?( m* G- {3 D+ t/ F9 |5 d( e& }9 s
125. When she was told that her cat was killed by the neighbor’s dog, the old lady _____ tears. ; Z, f& T% T2 y# ?- z6 ]
A. reached for B. bolted out C. burst into D. turn on; @' h% w- S5 G8 K! f0 q
126. He is late again today. I’ll ____ that he will not be late tomorrow.
" `- J- M1 x$ D$ l- |& w: W5 } A. refer to it B. look to him C. see to it D. turn to it, h6 q9 s) `6 P. k7 U4 ]( ?3 ~, ]# P
127. When a fire____ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.
! R+ ?3 e% h& a1 xA. broke off B. broke out C. broke down D. broke up
$ P/ t* y$ e* c. @! s128. After the disaster, the truth ____ us that a healthy habit of living can keep one away from some terrible diseases.7 b [8 q; |" M) ?$ G2 b/ ^4 E
A. focused upon B. imposed upon C. dawned upon D. leaned upon0 K2 U; @, R- e2 F
129. After failing the exams three times, Jack realized that he’d never ____in English.' C( W+ O5 F' C$ L3 F2 w2 o7 o
A. see to it B. attain it C. catch it D. make it
4 ~0 T6 L Y7 L130. Susan has not been officially ____ to Johnson.( Z; z E- Y b% n6 g
A. engaged B. occupied C. practiced D. undertaken( I5 b+ `* P2 n8 _* b9 [
131. — _______ my glasses? 4 d8 j! ?3 Y/ |# w, S! B
—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
+ A5 ]1 M+ F6 ?A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen
% i, ?7 C0 z9 ]" Z132. —When shall we meet again?
5 X+ i1 }' T9 j/ X— Make it _______ day you like; it’s all the same to me.
8 Y1 f8 O% P" M/ N& O OA. one B. any C. another D. som e3 q! D2 `2 q8 l
133. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself.
- g; S. P0 C' ?$ S& RA. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t5 w1 z" t# F" e5 G0 z) q% H
134. —I’m sorry I broke your mirror. * _1 z- |4 p1 B" e% B5 o, c8 j- [& a
—Oh, really? _______.
2 q+ v3 z6 Z1 O9 p! X* S$ MA. It’s OK with me B. It doesn’t matter C. Don’t be sorry D. I don’t care
7 J: q, c3 Y4 p" Z3 u135. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ______. : q2 ^3 g' P+ m! i" {
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice6 e$ q, F2 Q, _$ e" A' j* E% e
136. —Have you finished your report yet? ) G: e2 ]9 d2 S* J" p# e8 `
—No, I’ll finish in _______ ten minutes. ' N N6 M) E N% }' h% g
A. another B. other C. more D. less
* v. b* Z! t, T# x( e137. —How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - n$ {9 y; Z! u5 r- `
—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ¬¬______ days at the seaside.
7 {1 a; s& X: X; jA. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
$ _& ]* h" ~; x3 a3 n138. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? $ v: g! l1 j: I3 i& E
—Not at all, _______.
3 @/ _7 Y1 W- ^9 e- IA. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
! d0 E' i4 e8 B139. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment. * @5 R- _$ Y7 ~
A. must B. need C. should D. can
# r% X; X* [& y5 G5 g# ]0 K1 J m140. Would you like a cup of coffee, ______ shall we get down to business right away?
; _7 a g p( u- X# h( dA. and B. then C. or D. otherwise2 X q, R" s" L, W' G4 B; t
141. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.
/ X- _4 v& l( k1 t8 g7 e) b `A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized `( k6 q- ?+ Y" D" N
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize+ M8 c1 j ~( d9 j, p) ^+ I6 B( u. m
142. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _______there.
9 O* l' b+ i% gA. no to go B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
; e' ^, a6 w6 C8 s; S% f143. I won’t go to Japan next week. _______. + u3 |! H$ \& j6 x6 I% e( Q
A. He won’t neither B. Neither he will C. Neither won’t he D. Neither will he
* t0 \9 m: Y$ b: l1 [144. Do you enjoy listening to records? I think records are often _______ any actual performance." v- j5 p; D+ b3 N% ^9 G0 ?
A. as good as or better than B. as good or better than
, @: q: m5 i& ~' f: U! CC. like good or better than D. as good as any other
1 l" u+ i W, d' v145. There’s no point _______ to persuade him to do anything.
0 d$ G6 ~' m. j4 qA. to try B. in trying C. of trying D. if you try
+ }; S4 h+ f/ z; ?146. The movie had an interesting ending; the grandfather _______.
6 ~% ]+ D% [* N- V# AA. gave him a punch at the nose B. gave a punch to him by the nose. I1 j9 G: O% [' W
C. gave him a punch on the nose D. gave him a punch on his nose0 R; R! G1 C7 c: V' v9 `
147. By the time she’s twenty, she _______ almost every where in the world!
c @3 d' z7 C p0 |* Q, G/ _4 l3 EA. will be B. would have been C. will have been D. would be
" H9 X1 a( M* ~% T. Q148. John behaved so strangely today. I thought he wasn’t acting like _______.
$ ^+ B+ w+ Z8 S: fA. him B. himself C. he would D. he does
1 z2 f* u1 ~7 z0 l5 h/ J* `( @+ m149. You will succeed in the end _______ you give up halfway. ; ?. B t0 m- W& h
A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless
4 _! a2 [# t; }& c150. —I enjoyed the food very much.
( z& z* t+ L" [ N—I’m glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like.
+ v8 R8 l9 a8 ^/ Z. i% @—______.3 s4 E, l2 d' e% x. R0 O
A. Is it all right? B. I’m afraid I won’t be free.
% v: ~& v! t/ i3 X* l3 j/ s& jC. Yes. I will. D. That’s all right.
9 Y' j# W+ Y/ m( c3 \
" e5 h8 S# P& h& o4 A7 O8 gⅡ. Reading Comprehension
7 x* G1 G& T" Z7 J5 _0 gPassage 1$ E! |. M- W5 c( w: `, i9 `
In the 1990s, everyone believed that education was the key to economic success. A college degree, even a postgraduate degree, was essential for everyone who wanted a good job as one of those “symbolic analysis”.6 Q0 R2 ?4 i. ~8 W
But computers are proficient at analyzing symbols; it is the messiness of the real world that they have trouble with. Therefore, many of the jobs that once required a college degree have been eliminated. The others can be done by any intelligent person, whether or not he has studied literature.
- u: r1 n' c9 k8 @ This trend should have been obvious in 1996. Even then, American’s richest man was Bill Gates, a college dropout who did not need a lot of formal education to build the world’s most powerful information technology company.
8 y/ R4 C$ {* L% z3 {4 ^" R \ Or consider the panic over “downsizing” that gripped America in 1996. An economist quickly point out the rate at which Americans were losing jobs in the 1990s was not especially high by historical standards. Downsizing suddenly became news because, for the first time, white-collar, college-educated workers were being fired in large numbers, even while skilled mechanists and other blue-collar workers were in demand. This should have signaled that the days of eh ever-rising wage premiums for people with higher education were over.
$ L5 Z4 _1 I7 Q6 x+ N* F- h Eventually, the eroding payoff of higher education created a crisis in education itself. Why should a student put himself through four years of college and several years of postgraduate work to acquire academic credentials with little monetary value? Theses days, jobs that require only 6 or 12 months of vocational training—carpentry, household maintenance and so on—pay nearly as much as if not more than a job that requires a master’s degree, and pay more than one requiring a Ph. D.# |: r" [3 z; [1 v7 G! `/ y
So enrollment in colleges and universities has dropped almost two-thirds since its peak at the turn of this century. Today a place like Harvard is, as it was in the 19th century, more of a social institution than a scholarly one—a place for children of the wealthy to refine their social graces and befriend others of their class.
) ~) }: ?/ e7 F* {1. What is the author’s opinion of higher education in future?1 H y. L2 T4 K; f9 }* S" k
A. It will be the key to economic success.+ X6 @. a4 ?7 j) k5 T E8 Y2 x& F0 H
B. It will become something like professional training.
3 K6 y* q3 q/ d4 G0 C; c C. The devaluation of higher education will be trend., G: R9 t6 P7 }# j
D. The focus of higher education will move to computer science.! W; j% H( }9 h+ p2 @
2. The author gives the example of Bill Gates to _____.
_3 E2 }8 o3 F' l2 u A. prove the trend mentioned above* K# R! P* E; z, K' t
B. show the importance of formal education1 ?. i ]6 e; j; j8 N
C. tell readers how to build a computer company
8 H! Y; x" D8 C8 H. I* {/ G D. illustrate the development of information technology& }" P" r: T9 v, H, r( I- z) L
3. The word “downsizing” (underlined in Paragraph 4) probably means _____.+ C3 O& n! _% }! L, S# s
A. turning down B. reducing in number
L6 ~" j/ I, j C. moving toward the lower side D. manufacturing a smaller version
0 N$ t6 k1 x m, b! G4. Why is there a crisis in higher education?
9 e+ g1 L. J, F! O A. Other professions are more attractive.
: a6 ~6 I- t) h E B. It is too difficult for people to acquire a Ph. D.
) K! E& q3 d" ?5 ] C. People can’t get expected payoff from higher education.
0 X6 f. x0 K5 m" J: \! D7 G D. People think it’s too long for them to acquire academic credentials.9 w0 B! C0 b9 Y- }
5. The best title for the passage would be _____.
7 c4 X% M, B; B! |' { A. The Impact of “Downsizing”
; w1 d1 S& I. |7 z) A e, O/ Q B. The Depression of the White-Collars( n' T2 W: h4 U" o
C. The Impact of Information Technology
! }* u4 X! D1 w5 L) \7 R G8 v" T- x D. The Devaluation of Higher Education
, V6 r( l4 P; }
2 i5 g* i6 e( B+ A0 Q1 F. n. hPassage 2, ~ z1 H: X5 e6 r. [
When I was four, my parents signed me up to take Saturday-morning enrichment classes at Northwester University. Sometimes I was frustrated, because I felt my parents were making me do something that cut into my time with my friends. I was taking advanced subjects, but I was still just a kid. I felt bad when I said no to Friday-night sleepovers because I had to wake up at 7:30 the next morning. But I also remember coming home in eight grade and feeling so happy about my philosophy class. That’s when I realized how much I’d gained from the investment they’d made in my future.
) a0 f9 M3 M* c! S When I was younger, I took piano, dance and violin. I also played soccer, basketball and tennis. And I had the Saturday classes at Northwestern. Now, at 17, I still have a very full week, which includes being president of the Model UN at my school and tutoring special-needs children.4 g$ a. G6 u( N% k7 D
My parents’ involvement made all this possible for me. I especially remember the driving. Until I got my license, my mother was always driving me everywhere. She became even busier as my brother and sister grew older.$ r4 Q2 w- J5 B0 N1 c
Now, I believe it’s important for parents to support and to take an interest in their children. The world is a lot more competitive than it was when my parents were my age. To get into college, you need more than good grades and high scores. You need a deep involvement in extra courses that will set you apart.
- o7 ? k5 k$ \! ~# } My activities have helped me focus on my personal goals. Because I was able to study so many areas of interest starting at a very young age, I have learned to push myself to do new things. In 1999 I participated in a student exchange program in Northern Ireland. I have also taken summer courses in international relations and sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Without my parents’ support and encouragement, these would be impossible. + a: n) e% \- U+ d: M! Y
1. The author was often annoyed for he had to do something that _____.
8 I! v: x1 |4 g0 Z A. made him feel just like a kid.
% c3 S7 l8 j5 I, [( _, q; g B. made him feel bad all of the time
* f$ m9 v: K6 @5 F( C* U C. kept him away from his friends sometimes
/ ]9 z! b; C7 r( R# t* k7 Y D. was also being done by his friends
) u+ X2 L1 b1 t, J+ B2 z! I& d2. On Saturday, the author _____.
^8 G( [2 b* N+ v A. played soccer, basketball and tennis
/ v( x1 r) L& x2 [ B. took piano, dance and violin classes5 ]2 S3 T% D v$ k
C. tutored special-needs children: t& n" H4 Q+ H3 A/ f4 M# q
D. attended classes held by university
. X5 V9 O) s1 y3. The author suggested that you should attend extra courses in order to _____.
- z' Q3 | _- y% B, T A. get good grades and high scores! G5 Y& L) [, C: R8 S& B
B. save money and time3 k" U& n% d8 |
C. be different and better
% r: q7 b/ |' E" B D. get into a good college
Y7 l* o$ j! L- x1 ~6 y, q4. The word “focus on” (underlined in the last paragraph) probably means_____.
8 j" }% \/ e0 l6 b: d+ w& L. n! d3 w A. to fix one’s eyes on one point6 Q2 e A: J. E$ F9 h% n
B. to arrange the cameral lens on one point5 d5 D: F ^6 c- K7 v' y9 J+ r
C. to give a lot of attention to one particular subject
$ Q* l; P& G' A D. to take care to do something special; f( o( r S5 {* z! [8 w2 M" m
5. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.& Y5 E$ b" r) k& {7 H0 J- J
A. the author does not like the education he had received as a child8 m, B& h% c, R' u+ t
B. knowledge from outside class is very necessary for college admission
" c" {+ C2 z: U, Q2 M C. the author was much more intelligent than his brother and sister; t0 P) q7 z* Q! w% a K4 ~' t
D. parents’ involvement makes children depend on their parents- W' `6 f9 Q, g1 t. A9 h$ M; t' Z
7 U& A$ `& s, D4 h' \
Passage 32 a; H- G) ^( ~
One day Walt Disney had a vision. It was a vision of a place where children and parents could have fun together. The more Walt dreamed of a “magical park”, the more imaginative and elaborate it became.
* x7 |, E& i# G7 R The original plans for the park were on 8 acres next to the Burbank studios where his employees and families could go to relax, although World War II put those plans on hold. During the war, Walt had time to come up with new ideas, and creations for his magical park. It was soon clear that 8 acres wouldn’t be enough.7 e. @5 N: x ?- ]5 O
Finally in 1953, he had the Stanford Research Institute conduct a survey for a 100-acre site, outside of Los Angeles. He needed space to build rivers, waterfalls, and mountains; he would have flying elephants and giant teacups, a fairytale castle, moon rockets, and a scenic railway: all inside a magic kingdom he called “Disneyland”.3 i& E4 }9 `+ M' d
Location was a top priority. The property would have to be within the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and accessible by highway. It would also have to be affordable: Walt’s pockets were only so deep.
4 G1 t% z, r- X8 {, f. R The search for the best spot finally ended in the rural Anaheim, California with a purchase of a 160-acre orange tree farm near the junction of the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5) and Harbor Boulevard (林荫大道).7 ^1 `0 C+ R; S
Walt had planned out all the lands, to every detail. Main Street, USA, the very front of the park, was where Walt wanted to relive the typical turn of the century city Main Street.
- b9 D v5 v- D( H! h. z Walt also had planned for an “exotic tropical place” in a “far-off region of the world” called “Adventureland”.: k. }5 c8 U% {( M
“Frontierland” was made to relive the pioneer days of the America frontier.3 e4 U% e5 q. b/ j
“Fantasyland” was created with the goal to “make dreams come true” from the lyrics of “When You Wish upon a Star”.
3 E* I4 O! j# w g “Tomorrowland” was created as a look at the “marvels of the future”.
0 d2 I2 J0 J7 l. n1. Walt Disney had a dream of _____.) Y: ?5 _) w$ f' N4 g9 O. i
A. going to the Burbank studios to relax3 F( r; u8 u( B1 ^1 ?, Z# N P5 x
B. being a magician: i& t1 V) R/ K' t9 i8 m
C. building a great amusement park* r; b2 _+ C! S; P$ T' `
D. having a family and children
0 x0 |: o- P! f) n+ ^9 ~2. During World War II, Walt Disney _____.! X5 u9 p7 d, C/ ^- n, |8 D1 W0 t
A. stopped the construction of the park
0 } R, X" V0 o/ Q# B& ? B. gave up the building plans
* h( b. E1 s. ^/ n# c2 ` C. improved the design
1 U) f6 c' S7 `1 }! K! Z D. conducted a survey# D' {: Y% ]& ~0 |2 l, Y: G
3. What is the most important advantage for Disneyland?$ e7 d) h3 F' J& n
A. Its rivers and waterfalls.
) ~- D2 G% J7 h9 h' S B. Its spot.) y+ P. \4 U7 @5 a8 m
C. Its highways.- H0 g$ o# C, l1 a* K7 W' D
D. Its teacups and moon rockets.3 b( C5 p8 P3 M& E( y: F
4. To make dreams come true is related with “_____”.& K3 P. g5 p" e- e7 q5 }6 r
A. Tomorrowland B. Frontierland F4 S6 O4 V4 [2 {1 `1 A
C. Fantasyland D. Advantureland3 o8 ?6 u6 z; h, l; ], C4 A
5. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?0 h; X, ?, b6 _0 P/ R7 l5 V: D b
A. Walt Disney B. Disneyland8 R" ?/ j) H8 Q: S1 I' i
C. An Imaginary Kingdom D. Make Dream Come True
: l; b, ^- p1 K8 i
# I, Y& S; A% _' E" {2 ePassage 4 t1 U b5 W% H. n9 r
On the morning of September 11th, I boarded the train from Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan just as usual and went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan. While I was leaving the subway at 8:53 am, a man ran down the street screaming, “someone just bombed the World Trade Center.” Those around me screamed and shouted “No!” in disbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just short of the WTC at a corner and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock taking pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I began to cry when I realized that these “angels”—in fact, desperate office workers—were coming down, some one by one, some even holding hands with another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people around me crying, screaming and running for safety?
: c9 b* [( w- e( x* Z d7 I+ N As I watched in horror, another white airline came from the south and took aimat the South Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosion and fire and soon debris (碎片)began to fall aroung me. It has then that I realized that we were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accidetn. Yet, I still could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in a panic running toward the wwater, as far from the WTC as they could possible get. All aroung me were the visual reminders of hundreds of people running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers, and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety.
& c2 L9 x _' m! _! i Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned su much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been able to head right back to work, others seek counseling, while others remain walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all united in our brief.
" Z: e" a9 G5 F/ p9 l9 p: T0 Y0 i1. According to the first paragraph, people couldn’t believe that _____.
6 d% Z# o3 J. z0 R ^" R2 I/ i/ f A. the subway ran into a man who was screaming+ Q m; j1 C9 s
B. people were running from the subway screaming3 X0 x7 q3 G/ U7 L
C. someone bombed the World Trade Center
+ L5 g% z9 _! J' }& N! m D. office workers jumped from the World Trade Center
9 }6 m& ?6 r7 x( s. e2. At first look, the author thought that desperate office workers were _____.0 B' B9 M. ?0 O& e8 o4 I1 h
A. holding hands B. angels in the sky
; _0 J1 w# z1 E C. running for safety D. crying as they fell
! B: C8 c4 C/ _) m* y3. What was the author’s first reflection when he stood at the corner?. I/ H( |! M' B& C# ]2 O
A. There was an accident with an airliner.$ p- i' d/ o8 i4 q" T* Z
B. A terrorist attack against America had begun.
6 ?2 g; B. e" m# Q- C9 j) V# a% b C. Nothing could he do to help out. 4 w# e* ]- U7 g8 E: v5 I- N+ c
D. He was just at a loss and could not understand everything happening.
: c5 }. i9 I* E# t7 r4. What did the author do on seeing the South Tower being attacked?
; ^5 r2 p) H* ~; S A. He watched in horror and took pictures.
6 w% x+ v5 s% ?! i& T B. He ran nearer to help out.$ u' i8 x* m1 `" L& y8 M; A0 Y
C. He ran nearer to take pictures.8 j! u2 z0 J* \/ f+ I4 \' g2 z
D. He was elbowed by the crowd running off to a safe place.) N/ r- F2 p) @' I( D8 x5 {
5. In the last paragraph, all of the following are mentioned EXCEPT that _____.
+ m d; A* Z# b A. life should be appreciated3 E3 `4 L0 {9 K; I& v2 F7 e
B. we should stop and consider carefully what to do7 j; g$ I9 {/ X3 o1 m
C. people are deep in grief, but they are united
: I8 H7 s0 @$ k' J2 t9 x+ X) @ | D. work should be done about the dead and the living: ]2 r( K9 `$ \7 w" q' g
7 D: w; d4 H% n* N! K* g# |% q
Passage 5
: |; D: |% D {- h q- v& pSome pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
9 q5 w3 C5 ]" ?' J$ t. `The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
7 }- V5 S: E2 a8 T* W8 [Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urbantraffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
) J+ _& s& G5 {' u+ Y4 D& ^' dWhen the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements. 2 \' d5 x8 V, A( z5 v# r
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
. G' t# {3 B( D5 S5 K: r1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be________. 3 G8 z3 _0 [" W
A. its power source d& X; B# J0 v3 }6 h
B. its driving system
, ?7 j5 U: R8 I s" vC. its monitoring system 4 q' ~+ I" q: G4 c" O! B3 i
D. its seating capacity
) N0 c3 ^6 J' R9 l" O. ~2 H5 Z9 ]2. What is the author's main concern? h5 O" I6 N/ }4 y1 p" p8 J
A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.
# J) n9 ^5 f8 c# t4 s0 S' S3 \B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles. ' v# r4 h& V/ z. P+ S/ {; M
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams. . u" Q' @ Y! N$ }. q6 b
D. How to develop an automated subway system.
; ? s, ~% O2 S u' Z1 Z3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system? 0 F- ` Q: L: F5 W! K) a
A. A rail. B. An engine. C. A retractable arm. D. A computer controller. - a& u0 Z; b# V5 C3 L! ?4 j; g
4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _______.
& j- r- m# h/ j& `! \0 AA. keep in the right lane , e! K b8 B; P# Y
B. wait to arrive at his destination " K% z0 `8 s- b: Y* S8 v+ M
C. keep in constant touch with the computer center - S1 A/ N6 U* O, g0 R6 k; C# x
D. inform the system of his destination by phone
& m, W0 f* L: M4 i6 S" i D# Q5. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?
1 u& a. V- P. A- MA. Enthusiastic. B. Pessimistic. 4 s# o% ]+ _, R4 [/ n7 J' U* M
C. Optimistic. D. Cautious.1 N0 s! a8 l7 M5 c& G
f6 B) y5 k8 d2 s4 N5 Z( Y
Passage 67 |+ s4 Y* F2 \8 l4 N5 }
Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur t the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
. `# L, b8 M" v* C) B/ ?4 n7 [One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.6 X; X5 S% g: a9 n$ X
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pace (群) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
s( s( g1 k0 TTraining should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal." s/ t. _: _, \4 b) r! r9 ~
1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _____. _8 ^' X3 o0 |, n! Z3 v' T
A. worsen in modern society
& w( }" i5 c4 b7 l B. occur when they go wild, E* r$ W; B Y# M M! q2 g
C. be just part of their nature
- w V1 p! R: d `, u D. present a threat to the community$ y. S1 p& |1 X( a; u
2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to_____.
; T% I. D, M8 ]6 F: T$ m A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks, K; l9 j! O7 \
B. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior9 p1 v/ K1 L) n2 P
C. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority
. J6 n9 i3 J3 j5 i# e* B D. provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior! `% B: e U6 T4 a9 s
3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _____.
: j! k; i& ~" d A. an extreme measure in obedience training0 n9 N7 @( \2 }2 ^" X4 z
B. a good way to teach the dog new tricks
+ s, }' V( b$ \' g C. the foundation for dogs to perform tasks; D! S! D: Z" D: b" }
D. essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems( R; W5 X! j1 @: g# a
4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? \7 B0 i: J0 j v
A. To show their willingness to obey.
- ?6 l& N( D) B" K1 ?1 x6 _2 ]% y B. To show their affection for their masters.- f0 U# S) I' X$ i
C. To avoid being punished.4 A* M8 k- s6 K+ f
D. To win leadership of the dog pack.
5 f; p4 A3 Z5 v5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _____.
6 K, T+ a4 ~, ]% g7 m( c2 b2 k A. will enjoy a better family life
! T2 \( t8 M" k9 t& E# Q1 h B. can give the dog more freedom+ A. e9 |8 w5 K9 _0 s1 N
C. can give the dog more rewards- L; `' ?: o/ d
D. will have more confidence in himself3 m1 S6 O9 _, n9 h5 |' m6 p
1 D& O$ S6 ?& I' mPassage 7
: s, a8 c5 q1 o5 S9 S& i- } Having raised eight children of my own, I know the dilemma (左右为难) parents face. In a world increasingly hostile to children, we want to show we care by acting on our loving impulses, which usually means spending. But when our kids came home asking for the latest designer wear, my wife and I knew we had to say “no” more often than not. Of course, deciding to have no TV in the house was the first real breakthrough; I doubt we would have won this battle without freeing ourselves from its influence.# L# V K2 e; B5 Q8 a% O
As a child, I grew up in what I now see was poverty. For the first few years of my life. I ate only the smallest amount. Yet, I would find it hard to imagine a happier childhood. Why? Because my parents gave us children time and attention on a daily basis. For instance, no matter how busy they were, they tried to eat breakfast with us before we went off to school each morning.
L/ U9 @1 }$ r No child should have to live in poverty. But I firmly believe that the happiness of a child does not depend on his or her access to material wealth. After all, it is the love we give our children, and not the things, that will remain with them for life.3 n. [' q6 s) ]% H
Having worked thirty years as a family counselor, I know that parent really do love their children, and want to do what is best of them. But what does it mean to give a child love? Next time you feel that you have failed your kids, and are tempted to relieve those feelings by bringing home gifts, remember that we can’t buy our children’s affection. All they really want, and need, is time and attentiveness, a listening ear and an encouraging word. There are things every parent can provide.0 Y6 \$ s% j. t* y' T
1. What the author most concern about is _____.4 v6 p$ G {7 ?6 y/ @6 t# H
A. how to make children pleased, U8 t% p" h2 k$ f# j
B. how to give children the true love
' s7 i& q. y& l9 b% U; LC. how to educate his children, m& o* |. `1 J0 A H
D. how to meet the children’s needs1 j: D" g7 M- c' w3 |1 I) P
2. According to the passage, which of eh following is NOT true?7 r+ A% e9 s( @2 Y& R* t M
A. The author lived in a poor family when he was very young.; R' L4 u% [% D% G/ g' Z
B. He never bought any gifts to his children.
4 c1 A$ g6 D2 M v/ J, Q: X C. When he was a child, his parents cared him and other children much in their own way./ s V6 X( |8 {: M4 G
D. Every parent has the ability to provide love for his or her children.5 f9 }3 U# W2 \' s3 s
3. In Paragraph 1, when the author says, “But when our kids…we had to say ‘no’ more often than not”, he means ______/ ]1 g( f2 G: p% W3 U- m0 i* @
A. he could not afford too much
# c/ E- `- H* F- V# l2 z4 K- A B. in order not to spoil his children, he must refuse them
' w2 q: {% X0 x3 }, q C. thought he loved his children, he didn’t always satisfy their material needs3 D L/ B7 r, ^; I0 F5 @
D. he wanted to fight against his children, O" ^0 e( l8 r. B. o9 h
4. The sentence “I would find it hard to imagine a happier childhood” means _____
0 Y# p) V3 G' P' h, [ A. his childhood was much happier than he could imagine* x0 U) c( ]- `6 _3 \
B. he did not have a happy childhood because of poverty$ J, d! h9 C* h, o2 @# R
C. it’s hard to imagine whether he had had a happy childhood0 | b# S, w; B
D. none of the above9 s: C- _/ } m/ P: G
5. What does the author think is the best for his children?
3 z+ G! a$ K. a3 W( C6 d A. Gifts.
1 m0 \$ Q" X' _) U& M8 P B. A listening ear and an encouraging word.
. P; |# l5 ?, L0 d C. Time and attentiveness.; Q! s' U. x: {/ S- w5 t
D. Both B and C.: e/ w6 E" J/ A+ u! `. |* H6 K; ~
- x l1 i4 ?8 K5 {0 z# V. U
Passage 8
% R7 C9 M% c1 X* q% H5 uWhen my father died 15 years ago, my brother and I inherited the old Midwestern farmhouse our grandparents had purchased in the 1930s. I was the one who decided to make a life in this village, population 350, in northern Michigan.& J; ` T9 ~" x' d% w
A job in the English department of a nearby college quickly followed. I settled into small-town life, charmed by a community where your neighbors are also your friends and no one worries about locking a door. Eventually I forgot about the big-city stress of crowds, noise and crime.
: T6 ]5 q# `) }; W( o- MI was totally unprepared when I returned home one evening to an answering machine filled with horribly threatening messages. Shocked and frightened, I called 911, and soon my would-be assailant (攻击者) was arrested, according to police, drunk, armed with a 19-inch double-edged knife and just minutes from my door.# b6 T" c& I: P5 a+ |$ L) H# m0 Q; N
I was revealed in court testimony (证词) that he was a schizophrenic (精神分裂症患者) who had fallen through the cracks of the mental health system. In spite of my 10-year personal protection, I live with the fear that he will return unsupervised to my community. Time and again, colleagues and friends have urged me to get a gun to protect myself.2 H( h3 S# {8 y' K/ N0 s
But I haven’t gotten a gun, and I’m not going to. The truth is when you keep a gun for self-protection, I live with a constant paranoia (妄想狂). For me, owning a gun and practicing at a target range would be allowing my sense of victimization to corrupt (毁坏) my deepest values.& s7 q3 v. R# H7 q" g9 @0 B2 r
In general, people like me will be forced to consider getting guns to protect ourselves. I survived. I know my fear cannot be managed with a gun. The only reasonable response is to do what I can to help fix the mental health system. Awareness, education and proper funding will save more lives and relieve (减轻) more fear than all the guns we can buy.
* ?3 P$ `* N' _8 E# J% @1. After inherited the farmhouse, who lived in it?, n1 d4 J2 w1 p0 a
A. The author and the author’s brother. B. The author’s brother* t9 @ Y% q M
C. The author D. Their neighbors8 Y H, l3 P2 j* ~' O
2. Which of following descriptions about the would-be assailant is not true?- m& m2 o4 f) i4 v4 [: ~
A. He was arrested near the author’s house.9 _! ?8 y+ `& S8 [
B. He got a long knife.9 H4 x' [, _1 a; R( Q q
C. He was a schizophrenic.
& @" h9 l" s$ h" } D. He was set free in court.
; B9 [" W3 v- G3. The author is not going to have a gun because of the following reasons except that ____.& V5 V; q) p8 h
A. the author knows that his fear cannot be managed by a gun
8 G& `: A" p0 \. {) \( G" o B. the author believes in the quiet and safe life of the village& s2 {. D7 d# \! @4 G/ W/ J
C. the author finds reasonable response
9 x% h5 x7 O0 C6 D7 w, N D. the author doesn’t want to corrupt his deepest value) H# p+ ?# k3 X# ]* _9 d
4. “I survived” (2nd sentence of last paragraph) most probably means _____.2 s; r) M0 \( [% I8 Z$ X
A. I wasn’t hurt by the assailant. C5 ^5 R9 L' y0 z& Y- i. m1 |5 k
B. I am not forced to consider getting gun0 J; q3 f' {9 K/ R
C. I am no longer fear for my safety! y( P9 b/ X9 J0 P0 F. |! V$ y( x
D. I sticks to my belief and won’t get a gun
# ]- I3 p4 @/ v$ a2 w9 o5. The best title for the passage seems to be _____.
7 N* J4 y" a& ~, m1 ~ A. Life in a Small Town
2 K S8 g) F. S3 i+ ] B. Would-be Assailant Arrested/ i$ ~" P5 q, Z; v1 ^
C. Arming Myself with a Gun is Not the Answer6 I; ~5 P; _) ~+ |# g5 J% T
D. Constant Paranoia
3 G, w* H0 `. y0 s& ^$ E' \ D; {. M2 M1 h2 M
Passage 9) F: P* h; p& `6 _
Joe works for a large auto-insurance company. He thought it wasn’t hurt to leave the key in the truck when he filled his gas tank at a self-service gas station. But moments later, as he was paying the money, he saw the truck being driven away.- \; Q: _% X- `: x/ a9 h
In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States—one every 20 seconds. If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could be more than two millions by the end of the decade.+ J1 l9 Z* N# j. H4 k6 S
Vehicle theft is a common occurrence, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. The cost is surprising.
% d1 ~! F( A- Z2 m! ^9 R* rMany police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume (大量) of thefts. It is a major moneymaker for organized crime. Normally, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts are sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars are smuggled (走私) out of the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe.
3 D2 `; @% @8 l$ a' H4 dOnly about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely conduct in-depth auto investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation (缓刑), not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals.
m) n9 C2 j0 F& j; aOne exception is Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work full-time on the state’s 65,000 car theft cases a year. Since 1986, when the effort began, the state’s auto-theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth.
/ p7 N h' T- Q+ e/ yHow can you protect your car? If you live in a high-theft area or drive a expensive model, consider a security system. It may cost anywhere from $25 to $1,000. Some systems engage automatically-simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by one-third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that sends radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police.4 a: w2 n J$ L
1. The passage is mainly about _____.
; S5 a+ N# ]# K: {7 I8 BA. police departments’ routine job
( w/ `3 _4 ^0 S. T9 b, P' W! [0 | B. vehicle theft
7 o3 u$ O$ \' x( ?* Q C. security system1 A1 I+ e$ M/ i3 |. z% y1 j
D. Michigan program [8 ]7 e+ c* F, ^6 R Q
2. The following are not the ways thieves sell the stolen cars except that they are _____.% u5 |! ]: [/ P' ?
A. sold to individuals as a whole
/ q* |. F' c- j7 {! k% l" Y/ U B. sold to auto-insurance company) M3 ]8 b. {1 |: T0 U" Z& k
C. sold to Australia
6 r" a* f: V7 g& f# K5 V D. smuggled to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe& ~& w0 L6 p6 E$ y
3. The author predicts the annual vehicle theft could be _____ in 1989.
9 l$ n7 v$ {0 O" b( ] g! h, o A. 1.6 million B. 65,000 C. more than 2,000,000 D. 200,000
. k1 y' s" @0 V/ o4. The way to protect your car from stealing is to _____.
f) p9 \& ?( z. ^ A. have a security system B. inform police
$ r8 N8 c& [5 N7 p+ } C. buy insurance D. equip a special fuel pump and a starter3 f1 U: y3 [+ e7 Z. h% F( o$ i
5. The reason judges will often sentence the thieves to probation and not immediately put them in prison is that _____.
! c' T) k& C) M" }A. vehicle theft is a criminal misdemeanor (轻罪)# R5 j& I3 i: }
B. the thieves have escaped to Europe
. |9 m+ a4 ?, w& ? C. there isn’t enough evidence S) H3 f, e6 W4 n9 m# D7 V/ Y& i
D. the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals
. K/ F0 Z' P% f! i+ G
* d6 _5 x* |# c9 m, t9 xPassage 106 @0 ] |: O3 @- |9 v. y
In Africa and Asia there is a very serious disease called schistosomiasis. It is caused by a tiny worm which can penetrate (穿透) the skin of a human being and cause a potentially serious illness. The larvae (幼虫) of these worms live in certain types of snails (蜗牛). When they are ready, the larvae leave the snails and enter the bodies of men and animals.
" j F+ K# Q' t; y0 fIn many African rivers there is a large animal called a hippopotamus (河马). It looks rather like an enormous sausage with short legs and a big mouth. Hippos spend much of their time in the river and they do not seem to serve any purpose. Because of this, some African governments ordered that the great animals should be shot on sight to provide meat for local people. When hunters killed most of the hippos in some areas, the number of cases of schistosomiasis increased rapidly. There were outbreaks of the disease in areas which had not previously experienced it. At first, the health authorities could not understand the reason why the disease had spread. They made investigations and discovered some very surprising facts.$ p- ]2 L' u6 V) a D
When they are in the water, hippos keep the muddy water in motion because they move about frequently. When they climb up on the river bank, they go in single file, making natural channels down which rain water can flow into the river. Without the hippos, mud gathered in the rivers and caused them to run over their banks. At the same time, rain water was unable to drain into the rivers easily, and this also helped to produce floods. Certain types of water snail breed (繁殖) rapidly on flooded land, carrying with them the larvae which spread schistosomiasis.
$ ~* t- `- T& SNow African governments are importing hippos so that Nature can do her work properly and keep the water snails under control. This is one example of what happens when Man interferes with the work of Nature.* I# D) B- Q5 C5 W! m' q" P
1. The text mainly tells that _____.
: F% X$ Y4 e7 N9 Y& D9 u7 G A. Man can have a bad effect upon Nature
) x5 B2 ?/ m6 n, S& C8 w/ o B. Nature can do her work properly
# Q) N2 ^% O8 ~( k, |! E' S C. hippos should not be killed
4 s! X2 d: \5 r7 z% e: p% d! r D. harmful water snails
2 b8 O0 k3 F4 l0 L2. What are “larvae” (3rd sentence, Para 1)?8 K) `: j6 r% _
A. Worm bodies.% ~6 ^% [+ o- h3 R H
B. Worms in the first stage of their life.0 f: p- \7 t4 O# I9 |- x& E
C. Worms in its developed form.
6 {7 Q$ U# f0 c) W1 E D. Some animals.2 _+ Q) ]* D- X% ?2 ~% w" x
3. Why were many hippos shot?
, b( u% }0 h) _: o( j2 @ A. Because they did harm to crops.! _3 E' E$ B' A% x% `
B. Because they spread diseases.
7 @6 p" Q. ~) b. a& \ C. Because they seemed useless.1 |; B4 d( q' M0 h# ?
D. Because they caused floods.9 ]1 Z( n1 c9 C8 g9 B
4. Which is NOT a reason for the spread of schistosomiasis?) ~! k0 i: P; H H. d5 A
A. Mud gathered in the rivers and overflew their banks.- I* ]" \, w2 S% ]" j3 f, P9 Y2 m
B. Hippos made natural channels for rain water to flow into the river.4 p l6 S/ _3 p
C. Rain water could not drain into the rivers easily, which helped to produce floods.& W0 D' X* K6 T' ?
D. Some kinds of water nail carrying larvae breed rapidly on flooded land.& r8 W9 t) r; ^3 O+ z/ P
5. What do African governments hope to achieve by importing hippos?
6 f' W% v, `7 z/ k- q A. To prevent flood.
2 H+ A" D- S6 t _3 k. ~ B. To control the number of the water snails.8 i- s1 ?' `3 Z8 m' X- P5 y
C. To destroy schistosomiasis.+ {2 [( X# ~* a8 r0 E; \
D. To improve the environment.. o! `# t0 K K, \' [* }
8 `9 r1 r0 H3 |8 f, k) A
Passage 11
. }; d. s, n$ g6 n% F( d4 u Robot (机器人) devices are put into operation in some applications in which the general public never even notice that the robot has taken over. On the new Victoria Line subway in London the trains drive themselves. This in itself is not new, because for many years the Post Office has used a driverless subway train system in London to carry mail between sorting offices. However, now the reliability (可靠性) of the robot train is at last trusted to the extent that, although a single human staffs the Victoria Line trains, his function is merely one of supervision. There are automatic controls to start and stop the trains, and to control the acceleration (加速度) and the deceleration (减速度). If the signals are set at danger, then the train automatically stops, restarting only when the signal indicates that the track ahead is clear. The human signalmen have been replaced on this line by robot program machines that route all of the trains throughout the week in accordance (一致) with a timetable. The central control room of this line, at Euston, is staffed by two men. However, they only intervene (介入) and take over control in an emergency. Otherwise their task is that of observing the operation of the robot system.
+ W5 w+ f: @. f4 z! O- C The passengers do not need to think about the revolutionary (革命的) nature of the system which is carrying them. It has been known for many years that the robot passenger-carrying train was a possibility, and now at long last it is with us. How long will it be before it is decided that a human “driver” on each train is unnecessary?2 E J) P* e$ J+ j/ \ Z5 ~
1. Robot devices have been put into operation ______.6 H# x+ ^" ^' p3 {
A. without being realized by the public
7 c% e* c% r4 x7 W6 J) ^: p B. and have replaced human beings everywhere
$ R) V3 i; [8 }4 }) Y$ ^ C. and have taken over transportation means9 F. `5 Z% ?( X! ~% ?2 F5 _! S# W
D. to build railways
* [) h) A$ S" }' D2. The applications of robot is not new because ______.6 m B! x" G+ U
A. the Post Office has used robot to deliver letters for many years# M7 T" `) C9 |; R2 A- Y" U
B. the Victoria Line has used robot to drive trains for many years
. n0 {, b/ [/ `" L; t3 i C. the Post Office has used robot inside their working system for many years." K. }/ W4 j. o
D. the Victoria Line has used robot to drive subway for many years' B( R) r q" c; {- x
3. The word “staffs” in Line 6, Para. 1 probably means ______4 j- F( A1 \4 c+ s
A. fires a staff B. provides with a staff, Z; `' U. V. K/ A2 {6 x
C. hires a staff D. looks for a staff
: \* `6 t5 p% O) O$ `' {4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?2 k& \# h' q9 y5 U0 g/ R
A. Robot program machines can replace human completely.
O/ W4 H/ ?( x* T" ?3 d B. Human signalmen are necessary in emergency.
2 |- L6 h/ O( N9 S2 E* _ C. Robot program machines work with high efficiency.
- P) G* n# p- j0 _ D. Human signalmen check the robot program machines throughout the week.# E! R9 L$ j2 ^2 w- u" P
5. It is implied in the passage that probably ______ one day.
5 \ f0 I5 W5 q5 Z A. human driver will be replaced by robot driver
. J( s0 _' L* b3 _+ m B. human driver won’t be replaced by robot driver; n4 s7 `7 k+ b
C. human driver and robot driver will work side by side
" f1 ^. E/ K! R* Z) Z+ ~1 o. s& H, o& k) h# X# m
Passage 12
3 Y @$ Z/ z: c3 dFor some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.7 r- B N3 M4 h- T
It is now clear that this not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.6 S+ t# I) ]5 D7 S: k( h
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.1 m% H# I" k0 K+ g, J' t
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came one. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world an bring it under intentional control.
( Y* P' ^( A. N. R1. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.+ P: D, f) N1 s$ a3 q
A. are directly related to pleasure
9 r H- q! o' p- ~' @, B* z$ L B. will meet their physical needs
" \ g% [% F4 m: b- ] C. will bring them a feeling of success% h4 C' E2 }; z- q
D. will satisfy their curiosity( i. J/ ^, S; x r1 G) W! ~# X
2. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.5 K! [1 C" L; u# q
A. would make learned responses when it saw the milk
* @: C/ P$ Y4 B. [0 V v. L B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
* t2 p7 D1 n# Q) N! }( @' Y C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk0 @5 Q2 D% \* ]+ h( s
D. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink! O# {! N! @8 p4 W$ ?8 n4 K
3. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _____.) c& Y) p: k6 K
A. have the lights turned on B. be rewarded with milk
" w: v: q. ~* c( B: A' F! ^0 @0 ^ O- K C. please their parents D. be praised9 N+ r( v& ?5 l/ M* V+ x$ d
4. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because _____.
- L7 w$ x% Y! f2 j A. the lights were directly related to some basic “drivers”& `! W* U2 f+ Y
B. the sight of the lights was interesting9 l1 s) @5 e) ]# W n* u
C. they need not turn back to watch the lights3 A4 L, L# a, m* T$ S
D. they succeeded in “switching on” the lights6 s% V h# B: h* ]2 Q
5. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.
/ R7 s' \) W% ?* h A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world6 g6 C ^$ m' u( _ W+ `3 O
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs8 n1 |, ]) \, g8 I
C. their strong desire to solve complex problems
* Q" ~4 Z' I, E; O0 b% i/ ` D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
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Passage 13
1 d) [% l- r$ t/ s% L8 A1 gAre organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods – a term whose meaning varies greatly – frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
" U$ b/ n9 ]0 n2 Q `The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance (优势) of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and formed the basis for folklore. 4 d& K1 e) T: I
Almost daily the public is besieged (围攻) by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.) e. e1 \, C$ j
One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are mislead if they believe organic food can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
, `4 @, R3 E* W& F) t5 ?1. The word “advocate” in Line 2, Para. 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?/ A2 \( k) p6 K8 N
A. proponents. B. merchants. C. inspectors. D. consumers.1 D4 s% }) p ?5 P }& y5 }' O
2. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the term “organic foods”?. ~ K6 w/ O6 m* k7 d3 F/ z
A. It is accepted by most nutritionists. B. It has been used only in recent years.: [, D, @1 g0 N% j+ H
C. It has no fixed meaning. D. It is seldom used by consumers.
: r2 ]# @, N/ D$ P$ x: R/ e! c+ T3. The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown foods because ______.
/ p1 g8 W3 c4 }, x6 x8 Y, B3 w) B- P+ TA. organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods
" ?% I& |1 O" u) b2 _" J B. many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods$ ~% x. r X& G* b, O) q0 E
C. conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foods% { `; A/ p5 q8 i ?: Z4 h
D. too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops
8 O( p" B* x# }& h% k2 |3 L4. From the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally grown foods are often ______. 1 V, z9 i' D: K; o$ c: n4 H
A. careless B. mistaken C. thrifty D. wealthy2 b% p3 y* J0 \. K
5. What is the author’s attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods?
# ]5 q/ c) I" u5 BA. Enthusiastic. B. Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Doubtful.+ a) e* c2 M& }8 z' m: k
( e) T# ~8 P4 a; l; n7 q- DPassage 14
' _# Z# z4 v/ X( d, H& R" ECulture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience./ m0 E( U0 p, y+ e
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is around the world, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
/ Y8 v; ]/ i6 u The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
$ t" U: r+ n5 L& T4 ^! J- R2 O Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
; J; \. K5 C7 @7 ?+ J1 {, T% D8 Y1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?" y0 `1 t+ l3 w3 [( I
A. All international managers can learn culture.5 U3 [' V/ m& ~0 y* p
B. Business diversity is not necessary.: Q3 M' L( s5 _. S
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world
) z1 i/ e, m( A) D( g% B7 T D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
0 x+ H: f l5 l% G/ ]2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi_________.
0 Q. F$ y0 U% Z9 M4 v A. is in line with the theories that the business is around the world Z0 q( R! i2 ^, D7 P
B. is different from the model of McDonald’s
) r0 Z5 j! K9 ]8 m C. shows the reverse of globalization; F. H; H2 Q. @& B; H! {1 k
D. has converged cultural differences
, y6 J( W" z3 h4 Z3. The two schools of thought_________." E! ^5 ?4 S2 _/ K
A. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
. m& Q3 T8 ?" m4 d7 _7 T0 [0 r# f B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries6 Q! L0 K* G, M- J
C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world4 M+ e( @- Z$ Y. M+ [8 I3 |8 W" F7 G1 l3 Z
D. both A and B; U, [: C- E, e' U0 ~6 m+ O
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those________.# p% ^- K H! T/ }7 r2 e' u
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity6 [# L9 r6 H. j6 i7 h
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
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