北京大学16秋季 36081003-大学英语3-第五组资料

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一、阅读理解(共10题，每题2分，共20分)
请阅读以下文章，回答文章后的五个小题。每个小题只有一个最佳选项。
1）.       
       
Asanymiddle-classparentknows,unpaidworkexperiencecangiveyoungstersavaluableintroductiontoasecurejob.Thegovernmenthasrecognizedittoo,abandoningrulesin2011thathadformerlystopped16-to24-year-oldsfromdoingunpaidworkwhileclaimingunemploymentbenefit.Butmovingfromthattoforcingthemtoworkwithoutpayinordertocollectthesebenefitshasprovedabigstep.

MorethanonemillionyoungpeopleinBritainareunemployed,thehighestnumbersincethemid-1980s.Keenbothtocutthewelfarebillandtoavoidthedepressedfuturewagesthatmayresultfromearlyunemployment,thegovernmenthasintroducedanambitiousprogramofreformtogetyoungstersoffwelfareandintowork.Akeypartofitisensuringthatnoonegetsbenefitfromthegovernmentforlong;ministersarekeentoavoidwhathappenedaftertheearly-1980srecession(衰退),whenunemploymentcontinuedinsomepartsofthecountryforalongtimeaftertheeconomybegantoimprove.

Tohelpyoungpeopleintowork,ministershadpersuadedlotsofemployers,includingbakerychains,bookshops,andsupermarkets,totakeonunemployedyouths,whoreceiveworkexperiencebutnopay,withtheprospectofaproperjobforthosewhoshine.Some35,000youngstersparticipatedlastyear;halffoundpaidworksoonafterfinishingthescheme.

Theideaofgettingyoungadultsusedtoshowingupforworkispopularwithvoters:accordingtoasurveypublishedinFebruary,about60%ofpeoplesupporttheprogram.Equallyattractivewastheoptionofcompellingthemtowork:undertheexistingarrangementsyoungsterscouldchoosewhetherornottoacceptaplace,butiftheydroppedoutaftertheendofthefirstweek,theystoodtoloseuptotwoweeks’benefits.

Yettheschemehasalsopolarized(两极分化的)opinion:athirdofpeopleareconsistentlyopposed.Followinganoisy“RighttoWork”campaignthataccusedemployersofco-operatingsecretlywiththegovernmentin“forcedlabor”,severalfirmsdroppedoutoftheprogram.Topreventthisfromgettingworse,ChrisGrayling,anemploymentminister,admittedthatyoungpeoplecouldleavetheirworkexperienceatanytimewithoutbeingpunishedfordoingso.Thisnotonlyhaltedtheflightofemployers(fornow,atleast)butalsoenabledhimtoannouncethatnewfirmshaveagreedtotakepartintheprogram.
       
1.        Accordingtothepassage,youngpeopleinBritain____.
       
A.areusedtoshowingupforwork
B.valueunpaidworkverymuch
C.arealwaysopposedtounpaidwork
D.couldlearnsomethingaboutjobsecuritythroughunpaidwork
       
       
2.        Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?
       
A.Mostvoterssupportthegovernment’sefforttohelpyoungpeopletofindwork.
B.Somepeopleprotestagainstthegovernment’sattempttoforceyoungpeopletowork.
C.Therearemorethanonemillionyoungpeoplewhotookpartintheprogram.
D.Therearemorethanonemillionyoungpeoplewhoarejobless.
       
       
3.        Accordingtotheauthor,theBritishgovernmentistryingto___.
       
A.punishyoungpeopleiftheyarenotcooperatingwithit
B.reformtheunemployedyoungsters
C.avoidtheeconomicslowdown
D.reducewelfarespending
       
       
4.        Theword“shine”inParagraph3means“___”.
       
A.dowell
B.reflectlight
C.lookhappy
D.producelight
       
       
5.        Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
       
A.EnjoyWorkWithoutPay
B.CanWork,Won’tWork
C.ShouldWork,Shouldn’tPlay
D.HateWorkorLoveWork
       
       
       
2）.       

Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.

Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.

Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.

Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.

Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.
       
6.        Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?
       
A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.
B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.
C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.
D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.
       
       
7.        Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___.
       
A.citizen
B.nature
C.city
D.stress
       
       
8.        Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat___.
       
A.humanattentionisascarceresource
B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired
C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife
D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain
       
       
9.        Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?
       
A.Nature.
B.Bettertreatment.
C.Experienceddoctors.
D.Goodmedicine.
       
       
10.        Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
       
A.Differentaspects(方面)ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.
B.Smallchangesinurbandesign,cannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.
C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth'spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.
D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.
       
       
       
二、词汇与结构(共15题，每题2分，共30分)
11.        Wedon’tneedairconditioning,______.
       
A.norcanweaffordit
B.neithercanaffordit
C.norwecanaffordit
D.neitherwecanaffordit
       
       
12.        “Youaretooself-centered.It’shightimeyou______thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.
       
A.realized
B.haverealized
C.realize
D.shouldrealize
       
       
13.        ____singerand____dancerisalsogoodatdrawing.
       
A.The;a
B.The;the
C.A;a
D.The;/
       
       
14.        It’ssuchadifficultproblem________noonecanworkitout.
       
A.as
B.that
C.so
D./
       
       
15.        Don’tsmokeintheclassroom,__________?
       
A.doyou
B.willyou
C.canyou
D.couldyou
       
       
16.        Williamlikestoeatout,butheisnot______aboutwhatheeats.
       
A.peculiar
B.unusual
C.particular
D.special
       
       
17.        Theirhousestandsatahilltop,_____theHudsonRiverdownbelow.
       
A.seeing
B.viewing
C.lookingat
D.overlooking
       
       
18.        Thereisnotmuchtimeleft,soIshalltellyouaboutit__________.
       
A.indetail
B.inbrief
C.forshort
D.inall
       
       
19.        ______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.
       
A.Whencompared
B.Compare
C.Whilecomparing
D.Comparing
       
       
20.        OnthisspecialoccasionI’dliketoexpressmy_____wishesforyourfuturehappiness.
       
A.obvious
B.sincere
C.hopeful
D.honest
       
       
21.        ____________theroomthanthetelephonerangoncemore.
       
A.Hardlywhenheentered
B.Hardlyheentered
C.Nosoonerhehadentered
D.Nosoonerhadheentered
       
       
22.        Mybikeisold,_________itisingoodcondition.
       
A.therefore
B.so
C.nevertheless
D.moreover
       
       
23.        Thetextbookisforthe____students,notforthebeginners.
       
A.foreign
B.blind
C.advanced
D.deaf
       
       
24.        Bytheendofnextmonthhe____everythinginschool.
       
A.willfinish
B.wouldhavefinished
C.finishes
D.willhavefinished
       
       
25.        Sam:Idon'tdrinkcoffeeatall.Frank:_______.
       
A.Sodon'tI
B.Idoeither
C.NorIdo
D.NeitherdoI
       
       
三、改错(共5题，每题2分，共10分)
请在以下句子划线部分中，挑出错误的选项。
26.        WhenDaddywillcomeback,Iamgoingtotellhimeverythingaboutyourpoorperformanceatschool.
       
A.willcomeback
B.amgoingto
C.everything
D.at
       
       
27.        Somepeopleliketoeatapples,butotherspreferbananasforapples.
       
A.like
B.eat
C.prefer
D.for
       
       
28.        Mosttreefrogschangecolorsfromtimetotimetofitinwithitsenvironment.
       
A.Most
B.change
C.fromtimetotime
D.itsenvironment
       
       
29.        Asaslowstudent,Janehasn'tfinishedhertestintime.isshe?
       
A.As
B.hasn'tfinished
C.intime
D.isshe
       
       
30.        Thereareonlytwothingsworthtoreadinthisnewspaper—theTVlistingsandthesportspage.
       
A.onlytwothings
B.toread
C.in
D.thesportspage
       
       
四、完形填空(共10题，每题2分，共20分)
阅读文章，根据文意选择最佳选项。
1）.       

Visitorstothezoousuallypitytheanimalsowingtotheirparticularemotionalassociations(联想).Whichanimalsshouldbeindeedpitied?

Thefirsttypearethosecleverand31developedanimalswhoselivelyintelligenceanddesireforactivitycan32nooutletbehindthebarsofthecage.Thoseanimalslivinginafreestatebeforebeingputinthezoohaveastrongdesireformovingabout33,buthavetommaroundrepeatedlyintheirquarters.Owingtothisdisappointment,foxesandwolveskeptinplaceswhicharefartoosmall,areamongthemost34ofallzooanimals.

Anothersadscene,seldomnoticedbyordinaryzoovisitors,isthe35flyingtrialsofswans(天鹅)atmigration(迁徙)time.Thesecreatures,likemostotherwaterbirds,aregenerallymadeunabletoflybytheoperationofcuttingoffatipofthewingbone.36suchswansinthezoogenerallyseemhappyunderpropercareandtheyraisetheiryoungwithoutanytrouble,atmigrationtimethingsbecome37.Thebirdsneverreallyrealizethattheycannolongerfly,andrepeatedlyswimtothe38ofthepondsothattheycanhavethewholeextentofitssurfacewhentryingtotakeoffagainstthewind.Meanwhile,theirloudflyingcallscanbeheardastheytryto39,andagainandagainthegrandpreparationsendinfailure.

Idonotlikeseeingthose40waterbirdsinthezoo.Themissingtipofonewingandthestillsadderpicturethatthebirdmakeswhenitspreadsitswingshurtmebadly.Whatatrulysorrypictureitis!
       
31.        .
       
A.high
B.highly
C.deep
D.deeply
       
       
32.        .
       
A.find
B.lose
C.declare
D.transform
       
       
33.        .
       
A.partly
B.highly
C.deeply
D.freely
       
       
34.        .
       
A.victorious
B.thoughtful
C.miserable
D.fortunate
       
       
35.        .
       
A.similar
B.suitable
C.apparent
D.constant
       
       
36.        .
       
A.Although
B.When
C.Since
D.Because
       
       
37.        .
       
A.private
B.public
C.different
D.similar
       
       
38.        .
       
A.limit
B.side
C.middle
D.center
       
       
39.        .
       
A.spring
B.raise
C.swell
D.rise
       
       
40.        .
       
A.upright
B.powerful
C.valuable
D.unlucky
       
       
       
五、翻译(共10题，每题2分，共20分)
翻译下列句子，英译汉、汉译英各五道题目。请自主完成，Google、百度、灵格斯、金山词霸等机器翻译零分。
41.        Theysetagoalfortheirlistening,andtheygeneratepredictionsaboutwhatthespeakerwillsay.
       
点此输入资料
       
       
42.        Pre-schoolcanhelpclosethisgap.
       
点此输入资料
       
       
43.        Somecriticssaythatsendingchildrentoschoolattheageoffourdoesnotwork.
       
点此输入资料
       
       
44.        Somecountriesarecreatingpoliciestodealwiththegrowinge-wasteproblem.
       
点此输入资料
       
       
45.        Thebiggestroadblockcouldbethemission'shugecost.
       
点此输入资料
       
       
46.        像往常一样，他们又迟到了。
       
点此输入资料
       
       
47.        随着人们年龄的增长，他们变得更加感恩于他们所拥有的一切。
       
点此输入资料
       
       
48.        这家公司成立于1970年。
       
点此输入资料
       
       
49.        能把你昨天讨论的那本书借给我吗?
       
点此输入资料
       
       
50.        我们正急忙赶往机场去接史密斯先生（Mr.Smith）。