18年12月西南大学《[0181]语言学导论》》大作业(参考资料）

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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别：网教           专业：英语           2018年12月
* l& B+ Y4 w2 Q; U; a9 S! i课程名称【编号】：语言学导论【0181】            A卷
大作业                                    满分：100分
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- f2 _/ F. g- PⅠ. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
: F" z" @9 j/ s1 F" V1. Which of the following studies meaning in context? ______.
2 Z% O- e; X0 c* v5 rA. Pragmatics     B. Semantics             C. Morphology      D. Phonology
2. “friendly” is a（n） _______.
- l7 r$ x" E# P% ]4 oA. compound      B. inflectional word     C. derivative     D. morpheme
% t& V% E" p+ s4 O- I3. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _______.
A. directive     B. informative       C. performative   D. phatic
0 V3 Q5 ~* V- s4. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless affricate?  _______.
A. [s]         B. [f]               C. [tζ]         D. [dЗ]
5. “take” and “table” are _______ because they can stand as a word by themselves.
/ g4 C, H( c* i& J4 Y7 rA. inflectional morphemes           B. free morphemes
C. stems                         D. roots
6. Speech act theory was initially developed by _______.
A. Halliday       B. Austin            C. Searle       D. Grice
7. The syllabic structure of the word “affix” is ______.
( M  q/ F9 M8 m% K0 V: R6 _8 ^A. VCCVC           B. VCCVV                C. VCVVC                D. VCVCC
8. The use of non-standard English persists because_______.
A. the working class is incapable of speaking “correctly”
B. English is a complicated and therefore difficult language to master
0 O4 y/ g- u" K/ ?* Q7 BC. subordinate groups use non-standard English to promote solidarity
! y8 [& H- q. h/ ]D. teachers do not properly stress the importance of standard English in schools
, b) Q1 N# q3 ^2 M9. The study of a language at a particular point of time is called________.
A. computational linguistics             B. sociolinguistics
C. diachronic linguistics                D. synchronic linguistics
10. ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. Langue         B. Performance         C. Competence    D. Parole
/ i5 E: u6 \0 Y) eⅡ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (20%)
1 b3 Z+ n& N' G4 |+ x4 x- D8 ?11. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.
8 S" f0 z( U0 m3 u; i4 ^, k12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.
13. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.
2 Y2 L8 U+ B2 x1 B14. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
2 X/ l- e% ~% ?' r+ d15. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.
6 q5 ]! r; f& `' Y" d% ^  M3 b3 _16. Antonymy refers to the oppositeness of meaning between words.
$ B" N1 F+ {; M' }9 d17. Abbreviation is the way to form a word by combining parts of other words.
18. Displacement is a design feature of language which refers to the fact that there is no logical connection between the form and the meaning of a sign.
2 f) o  f7 @" S" U% d/ i19. Creole is a language formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community.
% N* u. L0 c8 e  i9 z$ w20. An exocentric construction has a head or center, such as good friends.
; v, _8 L% g6 P! ^6 z& NⅢ. READING COMPREHENSION. Read the following passage and answer each of the questions based on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
+ x; @' b, @0 p& E4 gTeaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.
0 Y0 l$ ?* s6 S$ ~! ~7 c7 ~Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
9 J8 z7 E9 k2 `When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
/ w; @# l/ G* j  q# ^2 ?  J5 F21. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________.
) K, T! j) E: P5 {3 I6 L; QA) it is one of the most difficult school courses
3 E5 e1 L& @9 @B) students spend endless hours in reading
C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
: N% l( a% }+ HD) too much time is spent in teaching about reading
22. The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.
A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
  E) w- ]. R  f- C1 S! D2 }& BB) teachers can help students develop their own ways of reading
C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D) teachers can make their teaching activities observable
23. The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.
' q+ w! n$ B5 N. O7 G8 gA) inquiry                        B) observation                        C) control                        D) suspicion
( n! e: I) q4 ?24. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.
A) children become highly motivated
# B7 ^% }' z5 v4 u5 ^, }/ l5 CB) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D) reading becomes children’s frequent enjoyable experience
25. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C) reading ability is something learned rather than taught
% c) J. R1 ~& g4 l4 eD) reading is more complicated than generally believed
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)
26. How should errors on the part of foreign language learners be treated? (20%)
27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)
$ ]; O% d) G% k: f; U(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sure your answer is clear and logical.)
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