2018秋福建师范网院 现代语言学 作业资料

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I.        Multiple choice.
1.        The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by _____.
A. Jacobson                        B. Bloomfield               
C. Saussure                        D. Chomsky
2.        That it is wrong to split an infinitive is an example of _____ rules.
A. prescriptive         B. descriptive  
C. transformational     D. functional
3.        One criteria of distinguishing different consonants is ______.
A. the height of tongue raising           B. manner of articulation
     C. obstruction of airflow                D. total stopping of air
4.        Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix? ___________.
A. fastest    B. darken    C. easier       D. studies
5.        Good: Bad is an example of _____.
A. gradable antonymy           B. relational antonymy                                 
C. complementary antonymy        D. complete antonymy
6.        In the sentence “The hunter killed the lion with a gun” , the thematic role of “a gun” is ______.
A. agent                  B. patient   
C. experiencer             D. instrument
7.        The statement “Double negation is incorrect.” is an example of _____ rules.
A. prescriptive          B. descriptive  
C. transformational      D. functional
8.        What kind of sounds can be identified when the vocal cords are vibrating?
  A. Voiceless        B. Voiced      
  C. Glottal stop       D. Consonant
9.        Consonants and vowels are distinguished by ______.
A. place of articulation                   B. manner of articulation
     C. obstruction of airflow            D. total stopping of air
10.        Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced alveolar stop”?
A. [d]       B. [z]       C. [g]        D. [l]
11.        Which of the following morphemes IS a bound morpheme?
A. ness      B. kiss        C. loss       D. boss
12.        Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?
A. fastest    B. chaos      C. easier       D. studies
13.        The distinction between performance and competence was proposed by _____.
A. Jacobson                        B. Bloomfield               
C. Saussure                        D. Chomsky
14.        In the pair of antonyms, “old” and “young”, “old” is more __________ than “young”.
A. useful    B. widely accepted     C. marked     D. unmarked
15.        If three consonants could cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme must be __________.
A. [s]       B. [t]          C. [l]        D. [p]
16.        Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?
A. fastest    B. darken    C. easier       D. studies
17.        Alive: dead is an example of _____.
A. gradable antonymy           B. relational antonymy                                 
C. complementary antonymy        D. complete antonymy

II. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
(  )1.        Speech is the primary medium of language.
(  )2.        Modern linguistics prefers descriptive method to prescriptive method.
(  )3.        “Ank” is a morpheme, because it appears in different words, such as tank, bank, rank.
(  )4.        The word “respond” includes 2 syllables, in which the sound [s] is the coda of the first syllable.
(  )5.        The semantic relationship between the two sentences “The president was assassinated” and “The president is dead” is presupposition.
(  )6.        Narrow transcription method is mainly used by phoneticians.  
(  )7.        The word “pronoun” is a closed-class word.
(  )8.        The difference between consonants and vowels lies in the obstruction of air flow.
(  )9.        Those morphemes that can be used on their own are called bound morphemes.
(  )10.        The relationship of hyponymy is between the more general term such as color and the more specific instances of it such as red, blue and white.
(  )11.        The utterance “I order you to leave the room.” performs a directive speech act.
(  )12.        The pronoun “him” performs a catapharic reference in sentence “She must be furious with him when Mike said he was leaving her.”
(  )13.        The hypothesis that claims that language shapes the way we think and determines what we can think about is called Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
(  )14.        A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language by Quirk et al. is a synchronic study of language.
(  )15.        The word “in” is an open class word.
(  )16.         Chinese is a tone language.
(  )17.        The semantic relationship between the two sentences “John’s son is an engineer” and “John has a son” is presupposition.
(  )18.        A syllable should contain at least one vowel.
(  )19.        Compared with its antonym small, the word big is a marked item.

III. Define following terms.
1.        Displacement
2.        Locutionary act
3.        Lingua Franca
4.        Suprasegmental features
5.        McGurk effect
6.        Input Hypothesis
7.        Grammaticalization
8.        Complementary distribution
9.        Tenor of discourse

IV. Questions. Answer the following questions.
1.        In English, the utterance “Can you answer the phone?” can be used to ask someone to answer the phone. Why cannot the utterance “Can you eat the apple?” be used to ask someone to eat the apple?           

2.        Discuss your understanding about part of speech.  


3.        Are /lbæk/, /knæst/ and /kræst/ possible syllables in English? Why?


4.        Explain with examples the three notions of morph, morpheme and allomorph?           


5.        Discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.


6.        Give a brief account of significant events, influences, and language contact in the history of the English language.

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