2011秋季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2012年4月份考试)

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、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1.  They found a （ ） statesman to head the project — someone who could make the worlds of politics and business work together
A. senior
B. superior
C. junior
D. inferior
      满分：1  分
2.  Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa.
A.  rest with
B. resort to
C. render into
D. reside in
      满分：1  分
3.  The opposing political party is getting ready to （ ） a powerful attack on the government
A. intend
B. imprint
C. cast
D. mount
      满分：1  分
4.  International students are likely to __________ their counterparts from various countries and areas and are exposed to diverse ideas and values.
A. counter
B. found
C. met
D. encounter
      满分：1  分
5.  Theories have been proposed by astronomers to （ ） electrical disturbances （干扰） in the atmosphere
A. apply for
B. allow for
C. account for
D. appeal for
      满分：1  分
6.  As a （ ） woman, she was then among the few mothers who sent their daughters to school and encouraged them to take part in social activities
A. sensitive
B. sensible
C. sentimental
D. senseless
      满分：1  分
7.  Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ a demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.
A. transported
B. targeted
C. yielded
D. aimed
      满分：1  分
8.  Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.
A. favourable
B. critical
C. profitable
D. stable
      满分：1  分
9.  She devised a plan （ ） they might escape from the tightly guarded prison
A. whereas
B. wherein
C. whereby
D. whereabouts
      满分：1  分
10.  The general secretary’s decision to invest was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.
A. firm
B. private
C. costly
D. realistic
      满分：1  分
11.  In his book the author explains in details the ten most important （ ） of economics and illustrates their application in some fields
A. primary
B. principles
C. proposal
D. procedures
      满分：1  分
12.  We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large ______.
A. quantity
B. scale
C. quality
D. proportion
      满分：1  分
13.  _______ has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
A. That
B. What
C. In spite of what
D. Though what
      满分：1  分
14.  He was so shy that he was always ______ to shrink up whenever attention was focused on him
A. attending
B. intending
C. tending
D. pretending
      满分：1  分
15.  Tom's father, as well as his mother, _____ in New York for a few days more.
A. ask him to stay
B. asks him to stay
C. ask he should stay
D. asks he should stay
      满分：1  分

1.  
    Some people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina” to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".
    Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.
    So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.
1). What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?
A. To prove that football is the world's most important sport.
B. To show that Argentina is better than all others.
C.  To compare Scotland with Argentina.
D. To explain the role of sport.
      满分：2  分
2).  In the second paragraph, the word “summit” means ______.
A. highest point
B. mountain top
C. award
D. summary
      满分：2  分
3). According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.
A. large number of sports fans and supporters
B. success in the football World Cup
C. obvious position on the map
D.  excellence at all important sports
      满分：2  分
4). According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.
A. fail to succeed
B. be successful
C. lose enjoyment
D. be irrational
      满分：2  分
5). What is the author's attitude towards international games?
A. Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.
B.  Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.
C. Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.
D. Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.
      满分：2  分
2.  
       Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.
       Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.
       Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.
       Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.
       Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.
       Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.
       The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.
1). What is mainly dealt with in the passage?
A. The formation of oil.
B. The formation of rocks.
C.  The general introduction of geology.
D. The roles of geology in finding oil.
      满分：2  分
2). Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.
A.  the minerals in the earth’s crust
B. the rocks in the earth’s crust
C. the evolution and development of the earth
D.  the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth
      满分：2  分
3). One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.
A. a source rock
B. a black mud
C. the seawater
D. organic compounds
      满分：2  分
4). In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.
A. accelerate the travel speed of the oil
B. hinder the oil to move upward
C. help the oil to move upward
D. help people to discover the oil
      满分：2  分
5). Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.
B. A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites.
C. An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.
D. A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.
      满分：2  分