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一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1. We must put the ______ side of the policy into consideration to avoid possible mistakes.
A. converse
B. reverse
C. reserve
D. revise
满分：1 分
2. The child ______ his parents quarrelling and he was frightened.
A. overheard
B. virtualized
C. scratched
D. oversaw
满分：1 分
3. You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.
A. devoted
B. entitled
C. accessed
D. contributed
满分：1 分
4. Alice trusts you.Only you can （ ） her to give up the foolish idea
A. suggest
B. attract
C. tempt
D. persuade
满分：1 分
5. ______ is no reason for discharging her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes being late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. To be a few minutes late
满分：1 分
6. （ ） has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem
A. That
B. What
C. In spite of what
D. Though what
满分：1 分
7. One of the guards _______ when the general came in, which made him very angry.
A. had slept
B. has slept
C. slept
D. was sleeping
满分：1 分
8. （ ） for your laziness, you could have finished the work by now
A. If not had been it
B. Hadn’t been it
C. Had it not been
D. If it had been
满分：1 分
9. I suppose you couldn't let me borrow your car this evening, _____?
A. couldn't you
B. don't you
C. could you
D. will you
满分：1 分
10. Whether it is desirable or not ______ the importance of avoiding rejects versus the importance of avoiding cost increases
A. relates to
B. consists of
C. engages in
D. depends on
满分：1 分
11. Her brother ______ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order
A. declared
B. threatened
C. warned
D. exclaimed
满分：1 分
12. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ a demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.
A. transported
B. targeted
C. yielded
D. aimed
满分：1 分
13. In his book the author explains in details the ten most important （ ） of economics and illustrates their application in some fields
A. primary
B. principles
C. proposal
D. procedures
满分：1 分
14. When climbing the hill, John was knocked unconscious by an ______ rolling stone
A. untouched
B. unfamiliar
C. unexpected
D. unbelievable
满分：1 分
15. There seems to be something wrong with the computer but we hope to （ ） it right before too long
A. correct
B. put
C. sort
D. cope
满分：1 分
二、阅读理解（共 2 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1.
People can be addicted to different things ─ e.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational ─ impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.
There is even a special psychology of bargain-hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game; when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
1). According to the psychologists a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money （ ） .
A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys
B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life
C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need
D. entirely with an irrational eagerness
满分：2 分
2). According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices （） .
A. because they want to save money to help their budgets
B. because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less
C. and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets
D. but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others
满分：2 分
3). Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.
B.
Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales
C. Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do
D. compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.
满分：2 分
4). The article is mainly about（）.
A. the psychology of money – spending habits
B. the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders
C. a special psychology of bargain hunting
D. the use of the psychology of spending habits in business
满分：2 分
5). From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters（）
A. are really unreasonable
B. need special treatment
C. are really beyond remedies
D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money
满分：2 分
2.
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.
Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.
The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.
It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.
Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories — the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.
1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.
A. a model of the universe
B. a restricted part of the universe
C. a set of rules
D. a reality
满分：2 分
2). The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.
A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.
B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’s cannot.
D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
满分：2 分
3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _________.
A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories
B. to invent one theory to describe the whole universe
C. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics
D. to study the origin of the universe
满分：2 分
4). It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.
A. inversely proportional to their mass
B. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
C. proportional to the square of the distance between them
D. proportional to the constitution of them
满分：2 分
5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.
A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity
B. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanics
C. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics
D. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity
满分：2 分
三、简答题（共 5 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1. Planning involves setting the firm’s objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.
满分：3 分
2. There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes — a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate — will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.
满分：3 分
3. But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.
满分：3 分
4. 那位新的候选人决定参加竞选时，竞争对手们的竞选活动均已达到高潮。(in full swing )
满分：3 分
5. 他所提的改进意见对我们很有价值。(carry weight with)
满分：3 分
四、完型填空（共 1 道试题，共 10 分。）V 1.
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would (2) , to a great extent, (3) your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best (4) . Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5) begins a job, being convinced that he isn’t going to like it or (6) that he is going to fail, is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder（阻碍） his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his (7) that he is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.
(10) the prerequisite （必须的） skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book?keeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw (11) hopeless cases.
This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and (13) the weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you must first (14) stock of where you stand now. (15) we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16) in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening (17) skills. However, (18) begin with, you should (19) to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your (20) , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
1).
A. improvement
B. victory
C. failure
D. achievement
满分：0.5 分
2).
A. depend
B. present
C. separate
D. interact
满分：0.5 分
3).
A. in
B. on
C. of
D. to
满分：0.5 分
4).
A. excess
B. advantage
C. necessity
D. productivity
满分：0.5 分
5).
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. which
满分：0.5 分
6).
A. ensure
B. assure
C. sure
D. surely
满分：0.5 分
7).
A. version
B. balance
C. pattern
D. belief
满分：0.5 分
8).
A. to
B. at
C. of
D. for
满分：0.5 分
9).
A. near
B. on
C. by
D. at
满分：0.5 分
10).
A. Have
B. Had
C. Having
D. Had been
满分：0.5 分
11).
A. being
B. been
C. are
D. is
满分：0.5 分
12).
A. except
B. but
C. for
D. on
满分：0.5 分
13).
A. overhear
B. overcome
C. overtake
D. overlook
满分：0.5 分
14).
A. make
B. take
C. do
D. give
满分：0.5 分
15).
A. As
B. Till
C. Over
D. Out
满分：0.5 分
16).
A. treated
B. treating
C. dealt
D. dealing
满分：0.5 分
17).
A. learnt
B. learned
C. learning
D. learn
满分：0.5 分
18).
A. around
B. to
C. from
D. beside
满分：0.5 分
19).
A. pause
B. tend
C. afford
D. devote
满分：0.5 分
20).
A. strength
B. status
C. attitude
D. weakness
满分：0.5 分
五、主观填空题（共 10 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
(convert) to gas central heating will save you a lot of money.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
2.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
The federal government appealed for(restrain), insisting that the crisis could be resolved without the use of force.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
3.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
(depression) people may be just especially in need of the intimacy, the emotional closeness and the social support that marriage can provide.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
4.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide, political, economic and cultural(transform).
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
5.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Scientists claim to have i(识别) chemicals produced by certain plants which have powerful cancer-combating properties.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
6.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Compass is a device used to determine geographic direction and usually consists of a magnetic needle or needles h(水平地) mounted or suspended.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
7.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
If an employee wants to r(辞职), he should notify the employer ahead of time through the enterprise trade union.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
8.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
To i(植入) living tissue means to put surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
9.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
More aid should be given to the needy families in those i(穷困的) villages, instead of wasting huge sums of money on tax-cuts for the rich.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
10.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、 满分：2 分
六、简答题（共 5 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1. 问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： What are the basic concepts relating to the direction function?
满分：3 分
2. 问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： How should a labor dispute be solved in joint ventures?
满分：3 分
3. 问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： As a natural science, what does Geology study?
满分：3 分
4. 问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： What cause global warming, can you list some factors?
满分：3 分
5. 问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）：What are the principles by which countries must abide to maintain energy security ?
满分：3 分
七、论述题（共 1 道试题，共 5 分。）V 1. 论述题 （根据课本内容论述本题）：How do you think biotechnology will influence our society?
满分：5 分 |
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