《英语写作（1）》练习题一

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《英语写作（1）》练习题一


Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph

   1.The following passage is incomplete with the concluding paragraph missing.Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words.Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you.use are in unity with the passage provided.
Manners Are Important
    As one looks about,it becomes very easy to conclude that good manners seem to be a thing of the past.More and more people seem to be discourteous to one another,more indicative of a “survival of the fittest” attitude than of living in a civilized society.Although much of what was considered good manners at the turn of the last century may no longer be appropriate,common courtesy and acceptable behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant,especially as our cities become more and more crowded.Although common courtesy is the underlying framework,good manners are manifested in two distinct aresa,business and social relationships.
    The world of business has become increasingly impersonal over the years.The fast developement of computers has removed the personal touch from many business dealings.It is not uncommon,when phoning a company,to get a recorded message telling us which number to press.When we finally do get a live person on the other end,he often seems uncaring.Good business sense,though,would dictate the importance of getting back to the personal touch.The speaker should identify himself by name to the caller and make every effort to be courteous and helpful.Above all,he should take great pains to assure the call is not disconnected.In addition,he should make certain that the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while listening to canned music.Good manners will assure happy,loyal customers.
Good manners are,perhaps,most frequently associated with socialrelationships.
Unfortunately,here again they seem to be in decline.Giving up one's seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person,a pregnant woman,or an obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past.People also seem to have forgotten how to behave as an audience.It is not uncommon to see people putting their feet up on the seats in front of them or talking loudly during a movie or play.Even restaurants are not immune from the lack of good manners.Young parents do not seem to care that their children are roaming throughout the restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests.These examples touch only the surface of the rapid decline of good manners.
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2.Supply the missing paragraph

The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in the City
   Like many other city dwellers, I often complain about having to cope with the problems related with city life. I sometimes fancy getting closer to nature and appreciating its beauty fully in the country. Once a friend asked me, “Do you really hate life in the city that much? If you had a choice, would you move away to the country?” I compelled myself to think about city life more seriously. Now I have to do justice to it. Admittedly, the attractions of city life still appeal to me strongly despite its drawbacks.
     In general, city life is relatively convenient and comfortable. The supply of water and electricity is continuous. Whenever one wants, all he has to do is just turning on a faucet or pressing a button. There is also a variety of vehicles for transportation, form buses and cars to trains and planes, that help people move about efficiently. Shopping centers are seen and there in cities. Thanks to the amazing diversity of commodities, going shopping is often interesting and enjoyable for city dwellers. Besides the fun of making purchases, there are also countless theaters, cinemas, art galleries and restaurants providing residents with various kinds of fascinating entertainment.
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  To some extent, city life is truly divorced from nature. It is sometimes very exhausting because of its fast-moving tempo. But on the other hand, nothing in the world is perfect; neither is city life. Viewed positively, the drawbacks should still be outweighed by its attractions. In fact, the drawbacks can be regarded as challenges to make life in the city more interesting, more exciting and more meaningful. To me, moving away from the city would mean the loss of excitement and the dynamic nature of modern life. Therefore, I would choose to continue to live in the city.


3..Supply the missing paragraph

The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
Childhood Fears
        I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark, of getting lost, and of not being liked by others. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments.
        Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw that the curtains seemed to move when there was no breeze. A tiny crack in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight, and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel so helpless, too. My heart would pound, and I would lie very still so that the “enemy” wouldn't discover me.
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        Perhaps one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked by others. First of all, I was quite shy. Second, I worried constantly about my looks, thinking people wouldn't like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear the “right” clothes and even had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing the “flats” instead of saddle shoes to school. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a powerful one.
        One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to recognize and outgrow our fears. I've learned that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me when I'm lost, and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us to cope with our lives as adults.

4.Supply the missing paragraph.
The following passage is incomplete with the ending paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the paragraph in no more than 100 words. Make sure your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
Living in the Present
About one of man’s frailties （弱点） Thomas Wolfe wrote, “ he talks of the future and he wastes it as it comes. ” This observation is related to a principle by which I try (without always succeeding) to live. I believe in living in the present because it is futile （无用的） to dwell on the past, to worry about the future, or to miss anything in the only reality I know.
It is futile to dwell on the past. What existed or happened in the past may have been beautiful or exciting and may now bring profound and precious memories; but the past is dead, and it is not healthy for living spirits to linger over a world inhabited by ghosts. The past may also be a place of horror, of regret, of spilled milk, of unfortunate deeds that “ cannot be done ” , of sad words like “ might have been ” . However, it is painful and pointless to fixate on a period that cannot be relived or repaired. It is unproductive self-punishment. The past must be kept in its place, outlived and outgrown.
It is also useless to worry about the future. Why fly to heaven before it is time? What anxious visions haunt the person who thinks too much about the future? He may imagine his own life going awry, appointments missed; advancements given to someone else; his house burned to the ground; his love lost; everything in his life as in a nightmare, slipping away from him. There is no end to the disasters a person can worry about when he focuses anxiously on the future. There are events in his future, including his own demise, over which he has little or no control, but he can ruin his life worrying about them. There are some disasters he may be able to prevent, but he must do that by living well in the present, not simply by worrying about the future.
The present moment, which is even now moving into the past, is the reality I know, and I don’t want to miss it. The wild-cherry cough drop dissolving in my mouth is sweet and soothing. Even my sore throat and back-ache have meaning. The cool night air, the crackling noises of my furnace, my cat yawning and stretching —— these are the tangible realities I can recognize. They exist in this moment, together with my own breathing, the warm lamp overhead, the jerking of my typewriter. Along with these are the realities of other people and of all life on this earth, which is important to me now, not at some past or future time.
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1．Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
Last year alone, more than one million children in the United States chose home-schooling over traditional education. This stunning figure was released according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Home-schooling is a recent development in education. Not long ago, it was considered too radical by many education experts. Nowadays, it is legalized in every state and more than one million children have undergone home-schooling and many more parents are seriously considering home-schooling.
The interesting thing was: What prompted such a change? There have been many recent surveys to suggest that parents are getting impatient and fed up with our public schooling system. It is seen as being superficial with no real-life skills being applied and taught.
Parents are also concerned about the negative publicity often portrayed in news. Examples are school students taking drugs in schools, abusing fellow students physically and even students bringing guns and knives to schools. Parents are concerned about the negative peer influences that these students have on their children.
Home-schooling offers an opportunity to end all that and allows parents to bring up their children in a natural and loving environment. It is especially important in the early years of a child’s development (between three to twelve years old ) as this is the period where they are prone to negative influences and peer pressure and cannot differentiate what is right and what is wrong. Home-schooling helps to protect them from such negative influences.
Another benefit of home-schooling is that it is an inevitable bond between the child and the parents. The parents and the child spend more time together forming a unique bond. The bond gets stronger as time passes and later you will find that you can connect with your child better than you never thought before.
Parents can also have better control over the kind of moral and religious beliefs that a child should have. Parents can impart their moral values and beliefs to their children easily since they spend more time together.
So what is stopping parents from adopting home-schooling? For one thing, home-schooling requires a lot of time and money. For most families, both parents need to be working full-time to support the family. Many home-schooling families are dependent on one parent for the income. The other parent has to devote full-time to home-schooling the child. Therefore in some cases, it is not possible to adopt home-schooling unless you are financially stable.
The other interesting phenomenon is that more and more home-schooling support groups are appearing in the neighborhood. They help to guide and support each other. Some home-schooling support groups have even gone online. If you do decide to go home-schooling, find a home-schooling support group in your area.
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2．标出主题句


1.Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the choice in the blank.
A.I eat a lot of homemade ice cream.
B. Homemade ice cream is my favorite.
C.I have a homemade ice cream maker.
D.I miss homemade ice cream a lot.
Answer:______________________________________


2.Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal(离心的) force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.

3.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph.
Topic Sentence:____________________________________
First, I have the whole week off from the stationery store because it’s going to be closed. My friends are all staying in town, so there will be plenty to do. We’ll go to Central Park during the day and rent movies or go downtown in the evenings. I’ve also saved enough money to visit my cousin in Buffalo for a couple of days, and we always have a good time together. This could be the best Easter week I would have had in a long time, especially because I don’t have to work.
A. I am going to have a very long vacation.
B. Easter is a very important holiday.
C. Easter week is going to be terrific.
D. I like wonderful holidays.

4.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph.
Topic Sentence:____________________________________________
“Music,”the teacher would tell his pupils,“is a state of being. It is not so much knowledge and know-how .If you want to be good at playing an instrument, let music get hold of you first and this will in turn get hold your muscles and make them produce the music that is now inside you. How can music come out of an instrument if it is not first put into it? And who is to put it there? The composer, the maker of the instrument, the printed score or the player?”
A. If you want to be good at playing an instrument, let music get hold of you first.
B. It is about stages of learning to play an instrument.
C. Only when the player puts the music into the instrument, can music come out of it.
D. Only when the maker of the instrument puts the music into the instrument, can music come out of it.
3．Write an outline




1.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
The Changing Workweek
        In the early 1900s in the U.S.A., workers in large industries worked long days and long weeks. It was not uncommon for workers in the meat-packing companies of Chicago, for example, to work twelve to fourteen hours, for six or seven days a week. As unions started exerting their influence, however, the working conditions of American workers began improving, and the workweek was gradually shortened. Today, workers have workweek options that were unheard of earlier in the last century.
        The five-day workweek has become commonplace in American industries. However, the four-day workweek is becoming even more popular. Many workers prefer four ten-hour days. This gives them longer working days, but it also gives them three-day weekends, an unheard-of luxury even twenty years ago. Management isn't complaining since the same amount of work gets accomplished, and in some cases a plant can be totally shut down on the fifth day, saving the company thousands of dollars in utilities.
       Another change in the workweek is the variable hours option. While American workers have traditionally worked either day or night shifts, some companies are allowing workers to set their own hours within the workweek. Flexible schedules are becoming more common in metropolitan areas with commuter-time traffic problems and in industries that are open around the clock. The advantage to the workers is that they can plan their hours around the days of their families. For example, a husband who takes each afternoon off could babysit the children while his wife works. The variable hours schedule also motivates workers because the company is letting them control their own time.
        A third change in the workweek over the past twenty years is the use of overtime. While most workers do not have to work beyond a forty-hour week, many companies will pay them time and a half to do so. Although this is more expensive for the company, it is still cheaper than having to hire additional workers and providing benefits. On traditional nonworking days such as holidays, workers are often paid double-time or more to work. Overtime pay allows companies to meet their production needs without exploiting the workers. It allows workers to make extra money at a higher rate than they normally work for. Although overtime work often represents a return to longer working days and weeks, it is done on a voluntary basis and is usually negotiated willingly by the workers.
        What does the future hold for American workers? As modern technology turns more and more work to machines, the typical workweek may continue to shrink. Some companies have already gone to the thirty-five-hour week, and in the 21st century, the thirty-five-hour week may be standard. Within twenty years, the most common workweek may be a four-day, thirty-two-hour workweek. The great advantage to shorter workweeks is that workers have more time off to themselves. However, given the financial demands upon American families in the future, it may also become common for workers to hold down two full-time jobs at one time. Given the American work ethic, most workers will probably fill their free time with more work instead of more leisure.

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2.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
The Decline in Writing Skills
    Teachers have always complained  that students cannot write well and there can be no denying that in the past twenty-five years writing skills have hit an all-time low. Students as well as many people on the job have difficulty expressing themselves in written English. The decline is due in part to students' attitude towards writing in the past two decades and modern devices such as the television and the telephone.
    The student protests over 20 years ago were a major factor for the decline in writing skills. At  many schools, the faculty gave in and greatly reduced or eliminated freshman composition courses. At on college, where all undergraduates had been required to take two years of English, students were given the potion of taking credits in fine arts, humanities, or English. Most preferred fine arts since it required little effort on their part-and absolutely no writing. With so little demand, the English faculty dropped form seventy-one to thirty within one year. Compounding the problem was the fact that some faculty members felt that making students write correctly was stifling their creativity. They told students not to worry about sentence structure, grammar, or spelling but just to get their feelings on paper. Those who wrote papers with sloppy sentences and numerous  grammar errors could pass and even score high if their ideas were on the right track. The results were horrendous and saddening because many students' writing ability greatly declined. They simply could not write properly.
    The television and the telephone must also be held responsible for the rapid decline in writing skills. Television viewing increasingly takes up more and more of a person's leisure time, time that should be spent writing and reading. No longer will youngsters write in their diaries or try to express their feelings and thoughts in poetry. Instead they would much rather space out in front of the TV, remote in hand, and switch channels. Laughter and screaming are constantly heard. Nor will they read extensively and be exposed to the workings of the language and absorb the nuances of effective communication. The  telephone is even a greater culprit. Why should one bother to write letters when one can punch in a number and speak to the other party? There is no need to write down one's thoughts and then wait for a response; gratification is immediate. Modern technology has even eliminated the need to jot notes to other members of the family: the memo unit on the answering machine takes care of that.
It is no wonder that writing skills have steadily declined over the past twenty-five years. Today's youths, for the most part, see little need for writing. The telephone is their direct line of communication, and the television supplies them with immediate entertainment. The student activism of the 1970s has had its own perverse effect: It turned out a whole generation that was taught that correct writing is succumbing to the dictates of society. And the horror of horrors is that many of these students are now teachers.
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  3. Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
The Effects of Television on Children's Social Relations
    TV presents the child with a distorted definition of reality.The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality.His experience with social problems or people of different races,religions,or nationalities is probably somewhat limited.As television exposes him to a diversity of people and ideas,it surely expands the boundaries of his reality.It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully what those images are.If they are inaccurate or distorted,then television's reality is potentially harmful.
    TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way.It portrays some categories of people with beauty,power and importance and renders others weak,helpless or invisible.So serious is the relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr.George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends,“If you're not on TV,you don't exist.”
    The TV camera selects certain images to be examples,sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best.When TV producers focus on violent ugliness,they lift it out and hold it up for all to see,making it impressively larger than life.A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five people may be videotaped,broadcast and “witnessed” vicariously by millions of people ,thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighters.In the United States,most people have not witnessed murder,yet because of television most children  have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is.
    TV says,in effect:This is the way the world works.There are the rules.The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified,and so believed and accepted as models to be copied.After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievel's attempt to “fly” his motorcycle over the Snake River,many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on homemade ramps.And many landed in hospitals.
    TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others.Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant difinitions.The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be accurate.We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes.
    Via TV's stereotypes we see men as strong and active,women pretty and at home.All to frequently,minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles,more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive themselves.
    Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence viewers' behavior toward unfamiliar people.TV images,in fact,teach values and behaviors,especially to children who have little firsthand knowledge of the real world.To the extent that children are exposed to certain characters' portrayals and behaviors on TV,they may acquire or learn those behaviors and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions.
Perhaps most serious are the effects of information distortions on the child's self-image.At some level we begin to judge our own meaning,dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who portray people like us.We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to children's growth.
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4.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
The Decline in Writing Skills
    Teachers have always complained  that students cannot write well and there can be no denying that in the past twenty-five years writing skills have hit an all-time low. Students as well as many people on the job have difficulty expressing themselves in written English. The decline is due in part to students' attitude towards writing in the past two decades and modern devices such as the television and the telephone.
    The student protests over 20 years ago were a major factor for the decline in writing skills. At  many schools, the faculty gave in and greatly reduced or eliminated freshman composition courses. At on college, where all undergraduates had been required to take two years of English, students were given the potion of taking credits in fine arts, humanities, or English. Most preferred fine arts since it required little effort on their part-and absolutely no writing. With so little demand, the English faculty dropped form seventy-one to thirty within one year. Compounding the problem was the fact that some faculty members felt that making students write correctly was stifling their creativity. They told students not to worry about sentence structure, grammar, or spelling but just to get their feelings on paper. Those who wrote papers with sloppy sentences and numerous  grammar errors could pass and even score high if their ideas were on the right track. The results were horrendous and saddening because many students' writing ability greatly declined. They simply could not write properly.
    The television and the telephone must also be held responsible for the rapid decline in writing skills. Television viewing increasingly takes up more and more of a person's leisure time, time that should be spent writing and reading. No longer will youngsters write in their diaries or try to express their feelings and thoughts in poetry. Instead they would much rather space out in front of the TV, remote in hand, and switch channels. Laughter and screaming are constantly heard. Nor will they read extensively and be exposed to the workings of the language and absorb the nuances of effective communication. The  telephone is even a greater culprit. Why should one bother to write letters when one can punch in a number and speak to the other party? There is no need to write down one's thoughts and then wait for a response; gratification is immediate. Modern technology has even eliminated the need to jot notes to other members of the family: the memo unit on the answering machine takes care of that.
It is no wonder that writing skills have steadily declined over the past twenty-five years. Today's youths, for the most part, see little need for writing. The telephone is their direct line of communication, and the television supplies them with immediate entertainment. The student activism of the 1970s has had its own perverse effect: It turned out a whole generation that was taught that correct writing is succumbing to the dictates of society. And the horror of horrors is that many of these students are now teachers.
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Ⅲ、写信

1.
   Write a letter to your friend according to the following situation: You(Weiping) haven’t heard from your friend(Zhijie) since the SARS outbreak. You tell him or her about yourself and the general situation in Beijing during that period. Since Beijing was taken off the list of SARS-infected areas, things have gradually come back to normal. You would encourage him or her to come for a visit in autumn, as it is the best season of the year.(150-200 words)
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2. Write a letter of complaints according to the following situation: You (Liu Dan)bought an air conditioner in Sun Appliances and had it installed the other day, but you found that the fan made too much noise when the machine operated. You demand the store to send a representative to check it up. In your letter, provide the specific defects of the air conditioner, the date of purchase, the serial number of it and the way to contact you.(150-200words)
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3．Composition


With the increasing popularity of the Internet, someone says,“The more friends you get on line, the fewer friends you will have around you.”Write an expository essay (about 300 words)expressing your views on the statement.
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4．  Many technological innovations have been “double-edged swords” with positive and negative effects on society at large. The automobile is one of such innovations. What do you think is the overall impact of automobiles on society? Write an expository essay (about 300 words) expressing your views on it.
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5．Teachers pay little attention to those school failures,assuming that academic failure means failure in everything.What do you think of this attitude?Write a short argumentative essay(about 300 words) explaining your view.
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《英语写作（1）》练习题二


I ． Supply the missing paragraph
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing ． Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words ． Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided ．
Why People Should Exercise
In the past, I had never been inclined to participate in sports. Honestly, I didn’t like it, but many persons whom I lived with kept telling me every day how good it was. Since the peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. It wasn’t until then that I could really understand people when they said exercise really helped a person get organized and keep healthy, physically and mentally.
For starters, if you are a lazy person, it is difficult to take the first step. But it is all a matter of committing yourself to something that will provide you with much positive feedback. Once you start exercising and observing positive results, you will actually enjoy it. It takes much effort and a strong will, but it’s worth it. The principal thing to do is to take up a sport you like. If you do, you will start organizing your day in a way that enables you to do whatever you have to, including exercising. You will no longer be a person stressed-out without time to carry on with all your activities.
                                                                     
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Moreover, exercising is good because it affects you positively in a mental and psychological way. Exercising helps you set specific goals which, along with a strong will, can be achieved. When reaching the goals, you come to know your abilities and your weaknesses, and your self-esteem is enhanced. Any sport relieves stress because it distracts you from thinking about school, work, or your problems, among other things. It helps keep you uplifted and avoid unhealthy habits like indulgence in TV and computer games.
Exercising is very important to any person of any age. The positive effects, which I’ve already mentioned, are like a chain. Once you take up a sport that you like, you become better organized. Therefore, you start doing things the right way and enjoy enormous benefits. As a result, you feel good as a healthy human being. You start living your life happily.
2.The following passage is incomplete with the introduction missing. Study the passage carefully and write the paragraph in no more than 100 words. Make sure your tone and the vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
Learning to Swim
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Before going into water, some warm-up exercise on the bank is necessary. You can start from learning to regulate your balance of breath. Draw a deep breath, then breathe it out as slowly as you can. This exercise helps you stay under water longer and prevents drowning. Keep doing this for a few minutes and then combine it with practicing the upper limbs. Take breaststroke for example. Put the palms together in front of your chest and push forward. Part the palms and swing them sideways with your fingers close to each other. That ’ ll bring your palms back to the chest. Repeat the cycle.
Now you are ready to practice the movements in water. You must be brave. Fear of water is the main barrier in learning swimming. To overcome the fear, you can wear a life jacket which can make floating easier. Simply put into practice what you learned with your arms. Breathe in with every pushing forward; breathe out during the course of circling your arms. In the meanwhile, lift your body horizontally and move your legs in the same way as frogs do in water. You may find with a pleasant surprise that you can swim.
Repeat the series of actions until you are confident in throwing away the life jacket. Once you have learned this basic movement, it is easy to try floating on water, a must for a swimmer.
Like other skills, swimming requires courage, persistence and practice. “ Practice makes perfect. ” Usually it takes two weeks to a month to learn swimming. When you can swim freely, you ’ ll enjoy the voluptuous touch of water on your body. But don ’ t forget the tips. Before you become a skilled swimmer, stay in the shallow water. Second, whenever and wherever you swim, be sure to be in the sight of people. After all, safety comes first
3. Supply the missing paragraph
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
In recent 10 years, with the advent of IT era, the role of a library has changed a lot. It is no longer restricted to the traditional function of lending books, but becomes a synthesis of educational functions. Some people think that a library should keep in pace with modern technology while others insist that a library should maintain its original function and resist hi-tech materials.
Admittedly, books are the main resources of a library, and helping people to read is the main function of a library. But the 21st century has changed the traditional definition of “book”. It is not only related to the printed materials, but also expands to a wider range, covering visual and audio publications, e-books, essay data bases, and website resources. In such an occasion, a library has to reform its old functions and introduce new functions. Once a library becomes modern, it would have the ability to display all educational resources to the public. Otherwise, it might fade out from our horizon and even become a museum. Moreover, it is the public’s demand that dominates the reformation of a library. Nowadays, people ask more. They are no longer satisfied with a simple function in a library, and furthermore, they would like to enjoy a cup of coffee as well. Therefore, a library has to add café, internet bar and video room to its original design. Overall, the money spent on the relatively expensive hi-tech media would arm a library and make it more educational, as well as attractive. What it invests would definitely result in a huge return.
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All things considered, I have reasons to believe that developing hi-tech media in a library is a right choice. A library should allocate a certain part of money on updating hi-tech materials, as well as books.
4.The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion of about 100 words on “ Buying a Car or Going on a Vacation? ” . Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
Buying a Car or Going on a Vacation?
     Trying to decide how to use your money is always tough. Should you use your money to buy a car or go on a vacation? Since both of them can provide pleasure, it always makes it difficult for you to make a sensible decision.
     The pleasure you get from driving a car is always unforgettable. Every time you drive a car, it gives the pleasure of not having to depend on public transportation. Therefore, you can go to places where public transportation doesn't reach. Moreover, driving a car can also shorten the distance you are traveling and save your time, thus making your life easier and more enjoyable. With a car, your life can be more interesting and convenient.
      A vacation gives you the opportunity to learn new things and meet new and interesting people. From a vacation you get the pleasure of doing wonderful things and of totally relaxing and enjoying yourself. The memories you bring home with you can give you the same pleasure again every time you think of them.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ . Write an outline

    1.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “ topic outline ” for it.
The Internet and the Modern Society
       Recently the influence of Internet has attracted much public attention. People worry about the time wasted on it, the damage caused by virus spread on it, and most of all, some violent crimes committed due to the violent games played on it. All these concerns may be reasonable. But if we take a broader perspective, we may find that Internet has had many positive impacts on the modern society.
       Internet has made the access to information more convenient. In the past, people could get information they wanted through only limited channels, such as newspaper, radio, and television. This means that only a certain amount of people could get the information at a certain time and in a certain place. But now with the help of Internet, people can get information any time they want. Information explosion means that people live in the ocean of information, and Internet has been essential to make that true.
       Internet has also made communication more convenient. Sociologists agree that communication is vital to maintain harmonious human relation, but the communication was rather inconvenient in the past despite the continuous improvement of technology. Letters have been so slow as to be nicknamed as
“ snail mail ”； telegraph and telephone may be quicker, but they are very costly. But now many new communication tools developed on the basis of the Internet, such as e-mail, msn and QQ, have made talking to a person extremely quick, convenient, and virtually free of charge. This will undoubtedly improve the human relation in the modern world.
      The most important impact, however, is that Internet has made social interaction more convenient. Before the Internet era, various social institutes had only limited options to choose from if they wanted to reach the public, and naturally the result was usually unsatisfactory. But now in the Internet era, all these institutes can set up their own websites, which can not only provide the public with information but also collect feedback from the public. For example, the government can collect people's opinions about a certain project through the Internet, producers can promote products through Internet, and universities can clarify admission policies through Internet. The result is that Internet can help to bring about a more open, fair and interactive society.
       In a word, more convenient social interaction, personal communication and access to information are the three major changes the Internet has made in the modern society. Although there do exist some problems with the Internet, these positive influences certainly are more important. What we should do is to find measures to solve the problems rather than just talk about them. Just as the proverb goes, we should not stop eating for fear of being choked.
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3.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “ topic outline ” fo