华东石油 2016年秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2016年12月份考试) 资料

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一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 30 分。）
V
1.  Plants can （ ） carbon dioxide and release oxygen, so they are beneficial to our health
A. take
B. receive
C. accept
D. absorb
      满分：2  分
2.  ______ that they’re young and inexperienced, they’ve done quite a good job.
A. Being
B. Given
C. Provided
D. Now
      满分：2  分
3.  Our President said we should value the ______ friendship with the neighboring nations.
A. long-distance
B. long-standing
C. long-life
D. long-range
      满分：2  分
4.  Theories have been proposed by astronomers to ______ electrical disturbances in the atmosphere.
A. apply for
B. allow for
C. account for
D. appeal for
      满分：2  分
5.  As telecommunications and networking technologies greatly improve, it is more （ ） people to access others through e-mail, telephone and mobile phones
A. convenient for
B. responsible for
C. capable of
D. aware of
      满分：2  分
6.  One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.
A. compare
B. coincide
C. collide
D. content
      满分：2  分
7.  Time and time again, women seem to （ ） on promotion and career opportunities
A. fall out
B. lose out
C. wipe out
D. put out
      满分：2  分
8.  Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out an old building.
A. come by
B. come in
C. come out
D. come down
      满分：2  分
9.  You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.
A. devoted
B. entitled
C. accessed
D. contributed
      满分：2  分
10.  You screamed in your sleep last night. You _____ a terrible dream.
A. must have had
B. must have
C. should have had
D. should have
      满分：2  分
11.  Why don’t you do something about your room — it’s really a ______.
A. hump
B. dump
C. bump
D. lump
      满分：2  分
12.  Joint ventures may recruit technicians and managerial personnel from elsewhere if they cannot find them in their ______ regions.
A. respective
B. respectful
C. respectable
D. respecting
      满分：2  分
13.  The longer the economic decline is allowed to go on the more difficult it will be to （ ） it
A. underline
B. upset
C. resume
D. reverse
      满分：2  分
14.  _____ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.
A. All
B. What
C. Which
D. That
      满分：2  分
15.   She devised a plan ______ they might escape from the tightly guarded prison.
A. whereas
B. wherein
C. whereby
D. whereabouts
      满分：2  分二、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。）
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1.  
       The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an “oil weapon” by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.
       Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a “security margin” in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.
       A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.
       As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.
1). The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.
A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargo
B. making effective coordination among those industrialized countries
C. promoting cooperation in making policies about energy
D. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries
      满分：4  分
2). Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?
A.  Its headquarter is located in Paris.
B. Its members include developed and developing countries.
C.  It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.
D.  It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.
      满分：4  分
3). The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.
A. various supply sources
B. stable energy markets
C. the largest profits
D. reasonable prices
      满分：4  分
4). Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.
A. recognize the reality of energy shortage
B. guarantee the stability of energy market
C. realize the unity of the worldwide market
D. protect one’s independent interests
      满分：4  分
5). The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. convince readers that energy security is important
B. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.
C. inform readers what the energy security system is like
D. present principles for ensuring energy security
      满分：4  分三、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。）
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1.  
       I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.
       One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge “antlers”, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.
       That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.
       So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?
       I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.
       But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species — be it an elephant or an orchid — in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line?
       Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife conservation in impoverished nations. Nonetheless, I believe that we can — and should — do a great deal. It’s a matter of changing priorities. Plenty of money is available for scientific field studies and conferences on endangering species. But what about boots and vehicles for park personnel who protect wildlife from poachers? What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.
       People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long-term environmental needs. If their governments are willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources. To me, the choice is clear. Either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out.
       Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establishment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphazard handouts that the world would probably go to waste. We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primarily by the governments of the industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts.
       How to use those funds would be a matter of endless debate. Should local communities be entitled to set the agenda, or should outside experts take control? Should limited hunting be allowed in parks, or should they be put off limits? Mistakes will be made, the landscape will keep changing, and species will still be lost, but the difficulty of the task should not lead us to abandon hope. Many of the planet’s natural habitats are gone forever, bur many others can be saved and in time restored.
       A major challenge for the 21st century is to preserve as much of our natural estate as possible. Let us resist with all our efforts any moves to reduce the amount of wild land available for wild species. And let us call upon the world’s richest nations to provide the money to make that possible. That would not be a contribution to charity; it would be an investment in the future of humanity — and all life on Earth.
1). The purpose of the author’s work on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana was ______.
A.

to discover the fossil history of African mammals
B.  to search for the traces of the extinct animal species
C.  to discover the fossils of human being’s predecessors
D.  to study the fragments of the fossils of the ancestors of African mammals
      满分：4  分
2). The following is true EXCEPT ______.
A. The welfare of the human species is bound up with that of the other species.
B. Human development in agriculture and industry speeds up the process of distinction of some species.
C. Fossil history suggests that 95% of the species will be a failure in their struggles for survival.
D.  The process of the extinction of species seems to be going on ceaselessly.
      满分：4  分
3). To which of the following would the author probably say “No”?
A. Should we be concerned about the extinction of the species, which has been accelerated by the expansion of agriculture and industry?
B. Should a nation, most of whose people are still living below the poverty line, spend large sums of money to preserve species?
C. Is it necessary to provide woodcutters in poverty-stricken nations with the economic alternatives to making a living on cutting down trees?
D. Is it necessary to change our priorities and provide more equipment and support for wildlife protection personnel?
      满分：4  分
4). The author’s main purpose of writing this article is ______.
A.
to champion a global fund mainly from the affluent nations and international efforts to preserve the wildlife
B. to warn the rich nations against the losing out in protecting the global environment
C. to persuade the impoverished people to sacrifice their short-term benefit for long-term protection of the biodiversity
D.  to take into account the difficulty of wildlife protection and stop endless debate
      满分：4  分
5). The author’s attitude towards preserving the natural habitats is ______.
A. uncertain
B. positive
C. hopeless
D. uneasy
      满分：4  分四、完型填空（共 1 道试题，共 30 分。）
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1.  
    If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would (2) , to a great extent, (3)  your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best  (4) . Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person  (5)  begins a job, being convinced that he isn’t going to like it or  (6)   that he is going to fail, is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder（阻碍） his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his  (7)  that he is probably as capable  (8)  doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt  (9)   it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.
     (10)  the prerequisite （必须的） skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book?keeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw  (11)  hopeless cases.
    This book has been designed to help you capitalize  (12)  the strength and  (13)  the weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you must first  (14)  stock of where you stand now.  (15)  we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16)  in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening  (17)  skills. However,  (18)  begin with, you should  (19)  to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your (20) , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
1).
A. improvement
B. victory
C. failure
D. achievement
      满分：1.5  分
2).
A. depend
B. present
C. separate
D. interact
      满分：1.5  分
3).
A. in
B. on
C. of
D. to
      满分：1.5  分
4).
A. excess
B. advantage
C. necessity
D. productivity
      满分：1.5  分
5).
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. which
      满分：1.5  分
6).
A. ensure
B. assure
C. sure
D. surely
      满分：1.5  分
7).
A. version
B. balance
C. pattern
D. belief
      满分：1.5  分
8).
A. to
B. at
C. of
D. for
      满分：1.5  分
9).
A. near
B. on
C. by
D. at
      满分：1.5  分
10).
A. Have
B. Had
C. Having
D. Had been
      满分：1.5  分
11).
A. being
B. been
C. are
D. is
      满分：1.5  分
12).
A. except
B. but
C. for
D. on
      满分：1.5  分
13).
A. overhear
B. overcome
C. overtake
D. overlook
      满分：1.5  分
14).
A. make
B. take
C. do
D. give
      满分：1.5  分
15).
A. As
B. Till
C. Over
D. Out
      满分：1.5  分
16).
A. treated
B. treating
C. dealt
D. dealing
      满分：1.5  分
17).
A. learnt
B. learned
C. learning
D. learn
      满分：1.5  分
18).
A. around
B. to
C. from
D. beside
      满分：1.5  分
19).
A. pause
B. tend
C. afford
D. devote
      满分：1.5  分
20).
A. strength
B. status
C. attitude
D. weakness
      满分：1.5  分